Ukuthuthuka Kokusetshenziswa Kwamanzi Ahlanzekile: Kusukela Emvelweni Kuya Ebuchwephesheni

Amanzi ayisisekelo sempilo, kodwa ukuthola amanzi okuphuza ahlanzekile kube yinselele eqhubekayo kuwo wonke umlando wesintu. Eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane, abantu bashintshe kusukela ekuthembeleni emithonjeni yamanzi yemvelo kuya ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanza obuyinkimbinkimbi. Lolu hambo lubonisa kokubili ubuhlakani kanye nesidingo.

.Ukuthembela Kwasekuqaleni Emithonjeni Yemvelo​​

Esikhathini esiningi sokuphila kwabantu, abantu babephuza ngqo emifuleni, emachibini, naseziphethwini. Imiphakathi yokuqala, njengaleyo eseMesopotamia nase-Indus Valley, yayihlala eduze kwezindawo zamanzi ahlanzekile ukuze iphile. Kodwa-ke, imithombo yamanzi yemvelo yayivame ukuba nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye nokungcola, okuholela ezifweni ezithwalwa ngamanzi njengekholera kanye nesifo sohudo. Imibhalo yomlando evela eGibhithe lasendulo naseGrisi yembula imizamo yokuqala yokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yamanzi ngokucwilisa amanzi ngendwangu noma ukuvumela inhlabathi ukuthi ihlale ezitsheni zobumba. Lezi zindlela zokuqala zaphawula izinyathelo zokuqala zesintu zokuthola amanzi aphephile.

​Ukushisa Nokuhlanzwa Kwasekuqaleni

Ukubilisa amanzi kwavela njengomkhuba oguqula izinto. Imibhalo yesiShayina kusukela cishe ngo-2000 BCE yabhala ngamanzi abilayo etiyeni, kuyilapho uHippocrates eGrisi lasendulo aklama "isikhwama" sokuhlunga amanzi. NgeNkathi Ephakathi, ukubilisa kwasabalala kakhulu eMpumalanga Asia nasemhlabeni wamaSulumane, kuqhutshwa imikhuba yamasiko nokuqonda okwandayo kwezokwelapha. Kodwa-ke, ukushoda kukaphethiloli kwanciphisa ukwamukelwa kwawo ezindaweni eziningi kwaze kwaba sekhulwini le-19, lapho inkolelo-mbono kaLouis Pasteur yamagciwane iqinisekisa ngokwesayensi ukubulala amagciwane okusekelwe ekushiseni, okwenza ukubilisa kwaba yindinganiso yomhlaba wonke.

.Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezimboni Nokwelashwa Kwamakhemikhali​​

I-Industrial Revolution yandisa ukungcola kwamanzi kodwa futhi yakhuthaza ukusungula izinto ezintsha. Ukusabalala okusheshayo kwamadolobha kwaholela emifuleni engcoliswe yindle, okwenza amadolobha afana neLondon akhe izinhlelo zokuphakelwa kwamanzi ezihlanganisiwe. Ngo-1854, uJohn Snow waxhumanisa ukuqubuka kwekholera nephampu engcolile eLondon, egcizelela isidingo sezixazululo ezihlelekile. I-chlorine, eyasungulwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, yaba yinto eshintsha kakhulu. Ngo-1908, iJersey City yaba idolobha lokuqala lase-US ukusebenzisa i-chlorine enkulu, yanciphisa kakhulu izifo ezibangelwa amanzi. Izinhlelo zokuhlunga isihlabathi, ezaqala eYurophu, zathuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yamanzi kamasipala.

.Ubuchwepheshe Bokuhlunga Banamuhla​​

Namuhla, izihlungi zamanzi zasekhaya zinikeza izixazululo ezenzelwe wena. Ubuchwepheshe obuphambili buthathu:

Ukuhlunga Okuphezulu (UF): Kusetshenziswa ulwelwesi lwe-fiber olungenalutho olunezimbobo ezingama-0.01-micron, i-UF isusa amabhaktheriya, ama-protozoa, kanye namanye amagciwane ngenkathi igcina amaminerali. Ilungele izindawo ezinemithombo yamanzi ehlanzekile.

Ukuhluzwa kwe-Nano (NF): Ngezimbobo ezingu-0.001-micron, i-NF ihlunga ama-microplastic, izinsimbi ezisindayo, kanye namakhemikhali e-organic. Ithambisa amanzi aqinile kodwa igcina amaminerali awusizo njenge-calcium.

I-Reverse Osmosis (RO): Isebenzisa ulwelwesi olungangeniswa yi-micron engu-0.0001, i-RO isusa u-99% wokungcola, okuhlanganisa usawoti nama-nitrate. Kodwa-ke, idinga ugesi futhi ikhiqiza amanzi angcolile, okwenza ifanelekele izindawo ezinokungcola okukhulu.

Ukukhetha Abahlinzeki Bezinhlelo Zokuhlanza Amanzi Abafanele Nezixazululo​

Ukukhetha uhlelo lokuhlunga kuncike kwikhwalithi yamanzi endawo kanye nezidingo zawo. Izinhlelo ze-RO zizuzisa izindawo ezinokungcola okukhulu kwezimboni noma usawoti omningi. I-Nanofiltration (NF) ifinyelela ibhalansi yokungcola okumaphakathi, kuyilapho i-ultrafiltration (UF) yanele ezinkingeni ze-microbiological. Ukuhlanza i-UV kanye nezihlungi ze-carbon ezisebenzayo zingahambisana nalezi zinhlelo.

Namuhla, ukufuna kwe-Humanity amanzi ahlanzekile kushintshe kusuka ekusindeni okuyisisekelo kuya ekubunjweni kobuchwepheshe obunembile. Njengoba ukungcola kukhula kuba nzima kakhulu, nezixazululo nazo ziyadingeka. Ukukhetha umhlinzeki wokuhlanza amanzi onokwethenjelwa kubalulekile — one-R&D esezingeni eliphezulu, izintambo zokuhlinzeka eziqinile, kanye nensizakalo ethembekile. I-Filterpur iletha konke lokhu kokuthathu.

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