Kusintha kwa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Madzi Oyera: Kuchokera ku Chilengedwe Kupita ku Ukadaulo​

Madzi ndiye maziko a moyo, koma kupeza madzi oyera akumwa kwakhala vuto lalikulu m'mbiri yonse ya anthu. Kwa zaka zikwi zambiri, anthu asintha kuchoka pa kudalira madzi achilengedwe kupita ku kupanga ukadaulo wapamwamba woyeretsa. Ulendowu ukuwonetsa luntha komanso kufunikira.

paKudalira Kwambiri Magwero Achilengedwe​​

Kwa nthawi yayitali anthu ankamwa madzi ochokera m'mitsinje, m'nyanja, ndi m'matsime. Anthu akale, monga a ku Mesopotamia ndi ku Indus Valley, ankakhazikika pafupi ndi madzi abwino kuti apulumuke. Komabe, madzi achilengedwe nthawi zambiri anali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi zinthu zina zodetsa, zomwe zinkayambitsa matenda opatsirana m'madzi monga kolera ndi kamwazi. Zolemba zakale kuchokera ku Igupto wakale ndi Greece zimasonyeza kuti anthu ankayesa kale kukonza madzi mwa kuwathira nsalu kapena kuwalola kuti dothi likhazikike m'miphika yadothi. Njira zoyambirirazi zinali njira zoyamba zomwe anthu ankatsatira kuti madzi azikhala otetezeka.

​Kutentha ndi Kuyeretsa Koyambirira

Madzi otentha anaonekera ngati njira yosinthira zinthu. Zolemba za ku China kuyambira cha m'ma 2000 BCE zinalemba za madzi otentha a tiyi, pomwe Hippocrates ku Greece wakale adapanga "manja" osefera madzi. Pofika m'zaka za m'ma Middle Ages, kuwiritsa kunafalikira kwambiri ku East Asia ndi dziko la Chisilamu, chifukwa cha miyambo ndi kumvetsetsa kwachipatala komwe kukukula. Komabe, kusowa kwa mafuta kunachepetsa kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwake m'madera ambiri mpaka m'zaka za m'ma 1800, pomwe chiphunzitso cha majeremusi cha Louis Pasteur chinatsimikizira sayansi kuti kuwiritsa pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha kukhale muyezo wapadziko lonse lapansi.

paKukula kwa Mafakitale ndi Chithandizo cha Mankhwala​​

Kusintha kwa Mafakitale kunawonjezera kuipitsidwa kwa madzi komanso kunalimbikitsa zatsopano. Kuchuluka kwa anthu okhala m'mizinda kunapangitsa kuti mitsinje yodetsedwa ndi zimbudzi, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti mizinda ngati London ipange njira zoperekera madzi pakati. Mu 1854, John Snow anagwirizanitsa kufalikira kwa kolera ndi pampu yoipitsidwa ku London, zomwe zinawonetsa kufunika kwa njira zothetsera mavuto. Kupereka mankhwala a chlorine, komwe kunayambitsidwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, kunasintha kwambiri zinthu. Pofika mu 1908, Jersey City inakhala mzinda woyamba ku US kukhazikitsa njira zoperekera mankhwala a chlorine pamlingo waukulu, zomwe zinachepetsa kwambiri matenda opatsirana m'madzi. Njira zosefera mchenga, zomwe zinayamba ku Europe, zinapititsa patsogolo ubwino wa madzi m'mizinda.

paUkadaulo Wamakono Wosefera​​

Masiku ano, zosefera madzi zapakhomo zimapereka njira zopangidwira anthu. Njira zitatu zazikulu zogwiritsira ntchito madzi ndi izi:

Kusefa kwa Ultra (UF): Pogwiritsa ntchito nembanemba yopanda kanthu yokhala ndi pores ya 0.01-micron, UF imachotsa mabakiteriya, ma protozoa, ndi mavairasi ena pamene ikusunga mchere. Ndi yabwino kwambiri m'malo omwe ali ndi madzi oyera.

Kusefa Madzi (NF): Ndi ma pores a 0.001-micron, NF imasefa ma microplastics, zitsulo zolemera, ndi mankhwala achilengedwe. Imafewetsa madzi olimba koma imasunga mchere wopindulitsa monga calcium.

Reverse Osmosis (RO): Pogwiritsa ntchito nembanemba ya 0.0001-micron yomwe imatha kulowa m'madzi, RO imachotsa 99% ya zinthu zodetsa, kuphatikizapo mchere ndi nitrates. Komabe, imafuna magetsi ndipo imapanga madzi otayira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera madera omwe ali ndi kuipitsidwa kwambiri.

Kusankha Njira Yoyenera Yothetsera Mavuto ndi Opereka Machitidwe Oyeretsera Madzi​​

Kusankha njira yosefera kumadalira mtundu wa madzi ndi zosowa za m'deralo. Njira za RO zimapindulitsa madera omwe ali ndi kuipitsidwa kwakukulu kwa mafakitale kapena mchere wambiri. Nanofiltration (NF) imakwaniritsa bwino kuipitsidwa pang'ono, pomwe ultrafiltration (UF) imakwanira pazinthu zamoyo. Kuyeretsa kwa UV ndi zosefera za kaboni zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimatha kuwonjezera machitidwe awa.

Masiku ano, kufunafuna madzi oyera kwa anthu kwasintha kuchoka pa moyo wamba kupita ku uinjiniya wolondola. Pamene zinthu zoipitsa madzi zikuchulukirachulukira, njira zothetsera mavuto ziyeneranso kukhala zovuta. Kusankha wogulitsa madzi wodalirika ndikofunikira kwambiri - wokhala ndi kafukufuku wamakono, unyolo wamphamvu wopereka madzi, komanso ntchito yodalirika. Filterpur imapereka zonse zitatu.

Dziwani chifukwa chake makasitomala m'maiko opitilira 30 amakhulupirira makina awo atsopano komanso ntchito zapamwamba zomwe mungayembekezere: https://www.filterpur.com/.