Madzi Osefedwa Kapena Osasefedwa

Kafukufuku wina (wochitidwa ndi kampani yosefera madzi) adawonetsa kuti pafupifupi 77% ya aku America amagwiritsa ntchito njira yosefera madzi kunyumba. Msika wa zotsukira madzi ku US (2021) ukuyembekezeka kukula ndi $5.85 biliyoni pachaka. Popeza chiwerengero chachikulu cha aku America akugwiritsa ntchito zosefera madzi [1], chisamaliro chachikulu chiyenera kuperekedwa ku mavuto azaumoyo omwe angabwere chifukwa chosasintha fyuluta yanu yamadzi.

Mitundu ya Machitidwe Osefera Madzi Pakhomo

Makina anayi oyamba amaonedwa kuti amagwiritsa ntchito njira zoyeretsera madzi chifukwa amakonza madzi m'magulu ambiri ndikusamutsa ku pompo imodzi. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, makina onse oyeretsera madzi amaonedwa kuti ndi njira yoyeretsera madzi, yomwe nthawi zambiri imasamalira madzi ambiri olowa m'nyumba.

Kodi mukufuna fyuluta yamadzi?

Anthu ambiri amagula zosefera zamadzi chifukwa chodera nkhawa ndi kukoma kapena fungo, kapena chifukwa chakuti zingakhale ndi mankhwala owopsa pa thanzi, monga lead.

Gawo loyamba podziwa ngati fyuluta yamadzi ikufunika ndikupeza gwero la madzi akumwa. Ngati madzi anu akumwa akuchokera ku makina operekera madzi apakati mpaka akuluakulu, simungafunike fyuluta yamadzi. Monga ndidalembera kale, makina ambiri operekera madzi akuluakulu ndi apakatikati amakwaniritsa bwino malamulo a EPA amadzi akumwa. Mavuto ambiri amadzi akumwa amapezeka m'makina ang'onoang'ono operekera madzi ndi zitsime zapadera.

Ngati muli ndi vuto la kukoma kapena fungo m'madzi anu akumwa, kodi ndi vuto ndi kampani yanu yokonza mapaipi amadzi kapena yamadzi? Ngati vutoli likuchitika pa mapaipi enaake okha, likhoza kukhala mapaipi anu amadzi; Ngati vutoli likuchitika m'banja lonse, likhoza kuchitika chifukwa cha kampani yanu yokonza madzi - chonde funsani iwo kapena bungwe lanu la zaumoyo.

Nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti mavuto amenewa nthawi zambiri samayambitsa mavuto azaumoyo. Komabe, palibe amene amakonda kumwa madzi osakhala ndi kukoma koipa kapena fungo loipa, ndipo zosefera madzi zingathandize kwambiri kuthetsa mavutowa.

Zina mwa mavuto ofala kwambiri okhudzana ndi kukoma ndi fungo m'madzi akumwa ndi awa:

• Fungo lachitsulo - nthawi zambiri limayamba chifukwa cha kutuluka kwa chitsulo kapena mkuwa kuchokera m'mapaipi
• Kukoma kapena fungo la klorini kapena "mankhwala" - nthawi zambiri kuyanjana pakati pa klorini ndi mankhwala achilengedwe m'mapayipi
• Fungo la sulfure kapena dzira lovunda - nthawi zambiri limachokera ku hydrogen sulfide yachilengedwe m'madzi apansi panthaka
• Fungo la nkhungu kapena la nsomba - nthawi zambiri limayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya omwe amamera m'mapaipi otulutsira madzi m'madzi, zomera, nyama, kapena mabakiteriya achilengedwe m'nyanja ndi m'madzi osungiramo madzi
• Kukoma kwa mchere - nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa sodium, magnesium, kapena potaziyamu yachilengedwe.

Chifukwa chachiwiri chomwe anthu amagulira zosefera madzi ndi chifukwa cha nkhawa za mankhwala oopsa. Ngakhale kuti EPA imalamulira zinthu 90 zoipitsa madzi m'malo operekera madzi a anthu onse, anthu ambiri sakhulupirira kuti madzi awo akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino popanda zosefera. Lipoti la kafukufuku linanena kuti anthu amakhulupirira kuti madzi osefedwa ndi abwino (42%) kapena oteteza chilengedwe (41%), kapena sakhulupirira kuti madzi ndi abwino (37%).

vuto la thanzi

Kusasintha fyuluta yamadzi kumabweretsa mavuto ambiri azaumoyo kuposa momwe kumathetsera

Izi zimachitika chifukwa ngati fyulutayo sisinthidwa nthawi zonse, mabakiteriya oopsa ndi tizilombo tina timakula ndikuchulukana. Pamene fyulutayo yatsekedwa, imatha kuwonongeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mabakiteriya ndi mankhwala ambiri azilowa m'madzi a m'nyumba mwanu. Kukula kwambiri kwa mabakiteriya oopsa kungawononge thanzi lanu, zomwe zingayambitse mavuto am'mimba, kuphatikizapo kusanza ndi kutsegula m'mimba.

Zosefera zamadzi zimatha kuchotsa mankhwala abwino ndi oipa

Zosefera zamadzi sizingathe kusiyanitsa pakati pa mankhwala ofunikira pa thanzi (monga calcium, magnesium, ayodini, ndi potaziyamu) ndi mankhwala owopsa (monga lead ndi cadmium).

Izi zili choncho chifukwa kugwiritsa ntchito fyuluta yamadzi kuchotsa mankhwala kumadalira kukula kwa mbole ya fyuluta, komwe ndi kukula kwa dzenje laling'ono lomwe madzi amadutsa. Tangoganizirani fyuluta kapena supuni yotuluka. Ma pores ang'onoang'ono, ndi komwe kumachepetsa zodetsa zomwe zimatseka. Mwachitsanzo, fyuluta ya kaboni yoyendetsedwa ndi fyuluta ya microfiltration imakhala ndi kukula kwa mbole pafupifupi 0.1 micrometers [2]; Kukula kwa mbole ya fyuluta ya reverse osmosis ndi pafupifupi 0.0001 micrometers, zomwe zimatha kuletsa mankhwala ang'onoang'ono kuposa fyuluta ya kaboni.

Zipangizo zoyeretsera zimatha kuletsa mankhwala onse ofanana kukula, kaya ndi ofunikira kapena ovulaza thanzi. Izi zakhala vuto m'maiko monga Israel, komwe kuchotsa mchere m'madzi a m'nyanja kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati madzi akumwa. Kuchotsa mchere m'madzi a m'nyanja kumagwiritsa ntchito njira yochotsera mchere m'madzi, koma kuwonjezera pa mchere, kumachotsanso zinthu zinayi zofunika: fluoride, calcium, ayodini, ndi magnesium. Chifukwa cha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kwa kuchotsa mchere m'madzi a m'nyanja, Israel imasamala kwambiri za kusowa kwa ayodini ndi kusowa kwa magnesium mwa anthu. Kusowa kwa ayodini kungayambitse kusokonekera kwa chithokomiro, pomwe kusowa kwa magnesium kumakhudzana ndi matenda a mtima ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wachiwiri.

Kodi ogula akufuna kuchita chiyani?

Palibe yankho lomveka bwino ngati fyuluta yamadzi iyenera kugulidwa. Iyi ndi chisankho chaumwini, kutengera momwe banja lanu lilili. Nkhani zofunika kwambiri pophunzira fyuluta yamadzi yapakhomo ndi mtundu wa fyuluta, kukula kwa ma pore, ndi zinthu zina zoipitsa zomwe zachotsedwa.

Mitundu ikuluikulu ya zosefera madzi ndi:

Kaboni yogwira ntchito - ndiyo yofala kwambiri chifukwa cha mtengo wake wotsika komanso kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amalowa m'thupi. Yoyenera kuchotsa lead, mercury, ndi chlorine, koma singathe kuchotsa nitrate, arsenic, zitsulo zolemera, kapena mabakiteriya ambiri.

• Kuchotsa zinthu zodetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yochotsa zinthu zodetsedwa kudzera mu nembanemba yomwe imalowa madzi pang'ono. Amatha kuchotsa mankhwala ndi mabakiteriya ambiri.
• Kusefa kwa Ultra - Mofanana ndi reverse osmosis, koma sikufuna mphamvu kuti igwire ntchito. Imachotsa mankhwala ambiri kuposa reverse osmosis.
• Kusungunula madzi - kutentha madzi mpaka kuwira kenako nkusonkhanitsa nthunzi ya madzi ikasungunuka. Yoyenera kuchotsa mankhwala ambiri ndi mabakiteriya.
• Zosefera zosinthira ma ayoni - gwiritsani ntchito ma resini okhala ndi ma ayoni a haidrojeni omwe ali ndi mphamvu yabwino kuti akope zinthu zoipitsa - kuti madzi afewetsedwe (kuchotsa calcium, magnesium, ndi mchere wina m'madzi ndikuziyika m'malo mwake ndi sodium).
• Kuwala kwa UV - Kuwala kwamphamvu kwambiri kumatha kuchotsa mabakiteriya, koma sikungachotse mankhwala.

Ngati mukuganiza zogula fyuluta yamadzi, mungagwiritse ntchito zinthu zabwino kwambiri:

• Kuti mudziwe zambiri, chonde pitani patsamba la CDC
• Chidziwitso cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zosefera zamadzi
• Kuyesa kwa malonda
• Chitsimikizo cha mankhwala kuchokera ku National Health Foundation (NSF), bungwe lodziyimira pawokha lomwe limakhazikitsa miyezo yaumoyo wa anthu pazinthu

Ngati mwagula fyuluta yamadzi kapena muli nayo kale, chonde kumbukirani kuisintha!