Madzi Osefedwa Kapena Osasefedwa

Kafukufuku wina (wochitidwa ndi kampani yosefera madzi) akuti pafupifupi 77% ya anthu aku America amagwiritsa ntchito makina osefera am'nyumba. Msika woyeretsa madzi ku US (2021) ukuyembekezeka kukula ndi $ 5.85 biliyoni pachaka. Ndi anthu ambiri aku America omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zosefera zamadzi[1], chidwi chachikulu chiyenera kuperekedwa ku zovuta zaumoyo zomwe zingabwere chifukwa chosalowa m'malo mwa fyuluta yanu yamadzi.

Mitundu ya Makina Osefera Madzi Akunyumba

Machitidwe anayi oyambirira amaonedwa kuti amagwiritsa ntchito njira zothandizira mfundo chifukwa amakonza madzi m'magulu ndikuwatengera ku faucet imodzi. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, dongosolo lonse la nyumba limatengedwa ngati njira yopangira chithandizo, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito madzi ambiri omwe amalowa m'nyumba.

Kodi mukufuna zosefera madzi?

Anthu ambiri amagula zosefera zamadzi chifukwa chodera nkhawa za kukoma kapena fungo, kapena chifukwa zimatha kukhala ndi mankhwala ovulaza thanzi, monga mtovu.

Njira yoyamba yodziwira ngati fyuluta yamadzi ikufunika ndiyo kupeza gwero la madzi akumwa. Ngati madzi anu akumwa amachokera ku njira yoperekera madzi apagulu kapena yayikulu, simungafune zosefera madzi. Monga ndidalemba kale, machitidwe ambiri operekera madzi akulu ndi apakatikati amakumana ndi malamulo amadzi akumwa a EPA bwino. Mavuto ambiri a madzi akumwa amapezeka m'makina ang'onoang'ono operekera madzi ndi zitsime zapadera.

Ngati pali vuto la kukoma kapena fungo ndi madzi anu akumwa, kodi ndi vuto ndi kampani yanu yopangira mapaipi kapena madzi? Ngati vutoli lingopezeka pampopi zina, likhoza kukhala payipi yanu yapakhomo; Izi zikachitika m'banja lonse, zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha kampani yanu yamadzi - chonde lemberani iwo kapena azaumoyo amdera lanu.

Nkhani yabwino ndiyakuti kukoma ndi fungo izi nthawi zambiri sizimayambitsa matenda. Komabe, palibe amene amakonda kumwa madzi onyansa kapena fungo loipa, ndipo zosefera zamadzi zimatha kukhala zothandiza kwambiri pothetsa mavutowa.

Zina mwazovuta zomwe zimafala komanso fungo lamadzi akumwa ndi izi:

• Kununkhira kwachitsulo - nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha kutulutsa kwachitsulo kapena mkuwa kuchokera ku mapaipi
• Chlorine kapena "mankhwala" kukoma kapena fungo - makamaka kugwirizana pakati pa chlorine ndi organic mankhwala mu mapaipi kachitidwe
• Sulfure kapena fungo la dzira lovunda - nthawi zambiri limachokera ku hydrogen sulfide yopezeka mwachilengedwe m'madzi apansi
• Fungo la nkhungu kapena la nsomba - nthawi zambiri limayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya omwe amamera m'mipope ya ngalande, zomera, nyama, kapena mabakiteriya omwe amapezeka mwachilengedwe m'nyanja ndi m'malo osungira.
• Kukoma kwa mchere - nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa sodium, magnesium, kapena potaziyamu.

Chifukwa chachiwiri chimene anthu amagulira zosefera madzi ndi chifukwa cha nkhawa za mankhwala owopsa. Ngakhale kuti EPA imayang'anira zowononga 90 m'makina operekera madzi, anthu ambiri sakhulupirira kuti madzi awo amatha kudyedwa popanda zosefera. Lipoti la kafukufuku linanena kuti anthu amakhulupirira kuti madzi osefa ndi athanzi (42%) kapena kuposa chilengedwe (41%), kapena samakhulupirira mu khalidwe la madzi (37%).

vuto la thanzi

Kusasintha fyuluta yamadzi kumabweretsa mavuto ambiri azaumoyo kuposa momwe amathetsera

Izi zimachitika chifukwa ngati fyulutayo siisinthidwa pafupipafupi, mabakiteriya owopsa ndi tizilombo tina timakula ndikuchulukana. Zosefera zikatsekedwa, zimatha kuwonongeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mabakiteriya ndi mankhwala azilowa m'madzi am'nyumba mwanu. Kukula kwambiri kwa mabakiteriya owopsa kungawononge thanzi lanu, kumabweretsa mavuto am'mimba, kuphatikizapo kusanza ndi kutsekula m'mimba.

Zosefera zamadzi zimatha kuchotsa zinthu zonse zabwino ndi zoyipa

Zosefera zamadzi sizingathe kusiyanitsa mankhwala omwe ali ofunika kwambiri pa thanzi (monga calcium, magnesium, ayodini, ndi potaziyamu) ndi mankhwala ovulaza (monga mtovu ndi cadmium).

Izi zili choncho chifukwa kugwiritsa ntchito fyuluta yamadzi kuchotsa mankhwala kumatengera kukula kwa pore kwa fyuluta, kukula kwa kabowo kakang'ono kamene madzi amadutsa. Tangoganizani fyuluta kapena supuni yomwe ikutha. Tizibowo tating'onoting'ono, timachepetsa zowononga zomwe zimatsekereza. Mwachitsanzo, fyuluta ya carbon yomwe ili ndi microfiltration ili ndi pore kukula kwa pafupifupi 0.1 micrometers [2]; Kukula kwa pore kwa reverse osmosis fyuluta ndi pafupifupi ma micrometer 0.0001, omwe amatha kuletsa mankhwala ang'onoang'ono kuposa zosefera za kaboni.

Zosefera zimatha kutsekereza mankhwala onse amtundu wofanana, kaya ndi wofunikira kapena wovulaza thanzi. Limeneli lakhala vuto m’maiko monga Israel, kumene kuthira mchere m’madzi a m’nyanja kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri monga madzi akumwa. Kuchotsa mchere m'madzi a m'nyanja kumagwiritsa ntchito reverse osmosis system kuchotsa mchere m'madzi, koma kuwonjezera pa mchere, kumachotsanso zinthu zinayi zofunika: fluoride, calcium, ayodini, ndi magnesium. Chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa madzi a m'nyanja, Israeli imayang'anira kwambiri kusowa kwa ayodini komanso kuchepa kwa magnesiamu mwa anthu. Kuperewera kwa ayodini kungayambitse vuto la chithokomiro, pomwe kusowa kwa magnesiamu kumakhudzana ndi matenda amtima komanso mtundu wa 2 shuga.

Kodi ogula akufuna kuchita chiyani?

Palibe yankho ngati fyuluta yamadzi iyenera kugulidwa. Ichi ndi chosankha chaumwini, malinga ndi mkhalidwe weniweni wa banja lanu. Zofunikira kwambiri powerenga zosefera zamadzi am'nyumba ndi mtundu wa fyuluta, kukula kwa pore, ndi zowononga zina zomwe zimachotsedwa.

Mitundu yayikulu ya zosefera madzi ndi:

Activated carbon - ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri chifukwa cha mtengo wake wotsika komanso kuchuluka kwa adsorption. Oyenera kuchotsa lead, mercury, ndi chlorine, koma sangathe kuchotsa nitrate, arsenic, heavy metal, kapena mabakiteriya ambiri.

• Reverse osmosis - kugwiritsa ntchito kukakamiza kuchotsa zonyansa kudzera mu nembanemba yotha kutha. Wodziwa kuchotsa mankhwala ambiri ndi mabakiteriya.
• Ultrafiltration - Zofanana ndi reverse osmosis, koma sizifuna mphamvu kuti zigwire ntchito. Amachotsa mankhwala ambiri kuposa reverse osmosis.
• Madzi distillation - Kutenthetsa madzi mpaka kuwira kenako kusonkhanitsa nthunzi wa madzi panthawi ya condensation. Oyenera kuchotsa mankhwala ambiri ndi mabakiteriya.
• Zosefera zosinthira ion - gwiritsani ntchito ma resin okhala ndi ma ayoni a haidrojeni opangidwa bwino kuti akope zowononga - kuti achepetse madzi (kuchotsa calcium, magnesium, ndi mchere wina m'madzi ndikusintha ndi sodium).
• Ma radiation a UV - Kuwala kwambiri kumatha kuchotsa mabakiteriya, koma sikungathe kuchotsa mankhwala.

Ngati mukuganiza zogula zosefera madzi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zida zabwino kwambiri:

• Kuti mudziwe zambiri, chonde pitani patsamba la CDC
• Zambiri pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zosefera zamadzi
• Zogulitsa
• Chitsimikizo chazinthu zopangidwa ndi National Health Foundation (NSF), bungwe lodziyimira palokha lomwe limakhazikitsa miyezo yaumoyo wa anthu pazogulitsa

Ngati mwagula fyuluta yamadzi kapena muli nayo kale, chonde kumbukirani kuyisintha!