Ososayensi bathola ubufakazi bezinhlelo ze-taxonomic ezingu-187 kumalitha angu-20 amanzi aqoqwe kwenye yezindawo ezibucayi kakhulu eMhlabeni.
Ithimba lososayensi eliholwa yi-Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) kanye ne-Appalachian State University lisebenzise i-environmental DNA (eDNA) ukuze libhale phansi ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zezintaba zentaba ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni, iNtaba i-Everest engamamitha angu-29,032 (amamitha angu-8,849) ububanzi. Lo msebenzi obalulekile uyingxenye yohambo oluqavile lwe-National Geographic kanye ne-Rolex Perpetual Planet Everest Expedition luka-2019, uhambo olukhulu kunawo wonke lwesayensi lwe-Everest.
Bebhala ngalokho abakutholile kumagazini i-iScience, ithimba liqoqe i-eDNA kusuka kumasampula amanzi avela emachibini ayishumi kanye nemifudlana ekujuleni okusukela kumamitha angu-4,500 kuya kumamitha angu-5,500 esikhathini esingamasonto amane. Lezi zindawo zifaka phakathi izindawo zama-alpine belt ezikhona ngaphezu komugqa wesihlahla futhi ziqukethe izinhlobo ezahlukene zezitshalo nezihlahla eziqhakazayo, kanye nama-aeolian belt adlula izitshalo nezihlahla eziqhakazayo phezulu endaweni ephilayo. Bathole izinto eziphilayo ezingama-taxonomic orders angu-187 avela kumalitha angu-20 amanzi kuphela, okulingana no-16.3%, noma ingxenye yesithupha, yenani eliphelele lama-oda aziwayo ku-Tree of Life, isihlahla somndeni sezinto eziphilayo zoMhlaba.
I-eDNA ifuna inani elincane lezinto zofuzo ezishiywe yizinto eziphilayo nezilwane zasendle futhi inikeza indlela engabizi kakhulu, esheshayo nebanzi yokuthuthukisa amakhono ocwaningo lokuhlola ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo endaweni yasemanzini. Amasampula aqoqwa kusetshenziswa ibhokisi elivaliwe eliqukethe isihlungi esibamba izinto zofuzo, esibe sesihlaziywa elabhorethri kusetshenziswa i-DNA metabarcoding kanye namanye amasu okulandelana. I-WCS isebenzisa i-eDNA ukuthola izinhlobo ezingavamile nezisengozini yokuqothulwa kusukela emikhomeni yama-humpback kuya ezinsulwini ze-Swinhoe softshell, enye yezinhlobo ezingavamile kakhulu eMhlabeni.
Imephu yokushisa yokufundwa kokulandelana kwamabhaktheriya atholwe futhi ahlukaniswa ngokulandelana kwe-taxonomic kusetshenziswa i-SingleM kanye nedathabheyisi ye-Greengenes kusuka kusayithi ngalinye.
Nakuba ucwaningo luka-Everest lwalugxile ekuhlonzeni izinga lokuhleleka, ithimba lakwazi ukuhlonza izinto eziningi eziphilayo kuze kufike ezingeni lohlobo noma uhlobo.
Isibonelo, ithimba lithole ama-rotifer nama-tardigrade, izilwane ezimbili ezincane ezaziwa ngokuchuma kwezinye zezindawo ezinzima kakhulu nezimbi kakhulu futhi zibhekwa njengezinye zezilwane ezikwazi ukumelana nezimo kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bathole inkukhu yeqhwa yaseTibet etholakala eSagarmatha National Park futhi bamangala ukuthola izinhlobo ezifana nezinja zasekhaya nezinkukhu ezimele umthelela wemisebenzi yabantu endaweni.
Bathole nezihlahla zikaphayini ezingatholakala kuphela emagqumeni akude kakhulu nalapho bathatha khona amasampula, okubonisa indlela impova epheshulwa umoya ehamba ngayo phezulu kulezi zindawo zamanzi. Esinye isidalwa abasithole ezindaweni eziningana kwakuyi-mayfly, isibonakaliso esaziwayo sokushintsha kwesimo semvelo.
I-eDNA inventory izosiza ukuqapha i-bio yesikhathi esizayo yezintaba eziphakeme zaseHimalaya kanye nezifundo zama-molecular ezibuyela emuva ukuhlola izinguquko ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba ukufudumala okubangelwa yisimo sezulu, ukuncibilika kweqhwa kanye nemiphumela yabantu kushintsha le ndawo eshintsha ngokushesha, edumile emhlabeni jikelele.
UDkt. Tracey Seimon we-WCS Animal Health Program, ohola iqembu le-Everest Biofield kanye nomcwaningi oholayo, uthe: “Kunezinto eziningi eziphilayo. Indawo yasezintabeni, okuhlanganisa neNtaba i-Everest, kufanele ibhekwe njengengaphansi kokuqapha okuqhubekayo kwezinto eziphilayo zasezintabeni isikhathi eside, ngaphezu kokuqapha izinto eziphilayo kanye nokuhlolwa komthelela wokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.”
UDkt Marisa Lim we-Wildlife Conservation Society uthe: “Saya ophahleni lomhlaba sifuna impilo. Nakhu esikutholile. Kodwa-ke, indaba ayipheli lapho. sisiza ekutholeni ulwazi ngekusasa.”
Umqondisi wocwaningo lwensimu, umcwaningi we-National Geographic kanye noSolwazi Ohlangene e-Appalachian State University uDkt. Anton Simon uthe: “Eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, lapho ebuzwa ukuthi, ‘Kungani kufanele uye e-Everest?’, umgibeli wezintaba waseBrithani uGeorge Mallory uphendule wathi, ‘Ngoba yayilapho. Ithimba lethu lango-2019 lalinombono ohluke kakhulu: siye eNtabeni i-Everest ngoba yayinolwazi futhi ingasifundisa ngezwe esiphila kulo.”
Ngokwenza le datha yomthombo ovulekile itholakale emphakathini wocwaningo, abalobi banethemba lokufaka isandla emzamweni oqhubekayo wokwakha izinsiza zama-molecule ukuze kufundwe futhi kulandelwe izinguquko ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezintabeni eziphakeme kakhulu eMhlabeni.
Ingcaphuno yesihloko: Lim et al., Ukusebenzisa i-DNA yemvelo ukuhlola ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zezihlahla zokuphila ohlangothini oluseningizimu yeNtaba i-Everest, iScience (2022) Marisa KV Lim, 1Anton Seimon, 2Batya Nightingale, 1Charles SI Xu, 3Stefan RP Holloy, 4Adam J. Solon, 5Nicholas B. Dragon, 5Steven K. Schmidt, 5Alex Tate, 6Sandra Alvin, 6Aurora K. Elmore, 6,7 kanye noTracey A. Simon1,8,
1 Inhlangano Yokulondolozwa Kwezilwane Zasendle, Uhlelo Lwezempilo Yezilwane, iBronx Zoo, eBronx, NY 10460, e-USA 2 I-Appalachian State University, uMnyango Wezezwe Nokuhlela, eBoone, NC 28608, e-USA 3 INyuvesi yaseMcGill, uMnyango Wezemyuziyamu Nebhayoloji eRedpath, eMontreal, H3A 0G4, eCanadaQ94 UMnyango Wezimboni Eziyinhloko, eWellington 6011, eNew Zealand 5 INyuvesi yaseColorado, uMnyango Wezemvelo Nebhayoloji Yokuziphendukela Kwemvelo, eBoulder, CO 80309, e-USA 6 Inhlangano Yezwe Yezezwe, eWashington, DC, 20036, e-USAQ107 Ukuphathwa Kwezwe Lolwandle Nomoya Kazwelonke, eSilver- Spring, MD 20910, e-USA 8 Oxhumana Nabo Abaholayo* Ukuxhumana
Umsebenzi: I-WCS isindisa izilwane zasendle nezilwane zasendle emhlabeni wonke ngesayensi, imizamo yokulondoloza imvelo, imfundo kanye nokuphefumulela abantu ukuba bazise imvelo. Ukuze sifeze umsebenzi wethu, i-WCS isekelwe eBronx Zoo, isebenzisa amandla aphelele ohlelo lwayo lokulondoloza imvelo lomhlaba wonke, oluvakashelwa minyaka yonke ngabantu abayizigidi ezingu-4 emazweni acishe abe ngu-60 nakuzo zonke izilwandle zomhlaba, kanye namapaki ezilwane zasendle amahlanu eNew York. I-WCS ihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bayo kuma-zoo nama-aquarium ukuze ifeze umsebenzi wayo wokulondoloza imvelo. Vakashela: newsroom.wcs.org Landela: @WCSNewsroom. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe: 347-840-1242. Lalela i-podcast ye-WCS Wild Audio lapha.
Njengesikhungo sikahulumeni esihamba phambili eNingizimu-mpumalanga, i-Appalachian State University ilungiselela abafundi ukuba baphile izimpilo ezigculisayo njengezakhamuzi zomhlaba wonke eziqondayo futhi ezithatha umthwalo wemfanelo wokudala ikusasa elizinzile labo bonke. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwe-Appalachian kukhuthaza umoya wokubandakanya ngokuhlanganisa abantu ngezindlela ezikhuthazayo zokuthola nokudala ulwazi, ukukhula ngokuphelele, ukwenza ngentshiseko nokuzimisela, nokwamukela ukuhlukahluka nokwehluka. Ama-Appalachian, atholakala ezintabeni zaseBlue Ridge, angenye yamakhampasi ayi-17 ohlelweni lwe-University of North Carolina. Njengoba inabafundi abacishe babe ngu-21,000, i-Appalachian University inesilinganiso esiphansi sabafundi phakathi kothisha futhi inikeza izinhlelo ezingaphezu kuka-150 ze-undergraduate kanye ne-postgraduate.
Ubambiswano lwe-National Geographic ne-Rolex lusekela uhambo lokuhlola izindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni. Besebenzisa ubuchwepheshe besayensi obudumile emhlabeni wonke kanye nobuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu ukuthola ukuqonda okusha ngezinhlelo ezibalulekile empilweni eMhlabeni, lolu hambo lusiza ososayensi, abenzi bezinqubomgomo kanye nemiphakathi yasendaweni ukuhlela nokuthola izixazululo zemiphumela yesimo sezulu kanye nesimo sezulu. Imvelo iyashintsha, ilandisa izimangaliso zomhlaba wethu ngezindaba ezinamandla.
Sekuphele cishe ikhulu leminyaka, iRolex isekela abahloli bamazwe abaphambili abafuna ukusunduza imingcele yamathuba abantu. Le nkampani isishintshe kusukela ekukhuthazeni ucwaningo lokuthola izinto ezintsha yaya ekuvikeleni iplanethi ngokwenza ukuzibophezela kwesikhathi eside ekusekeleni abantu ngabanye nezinhlangano ezisebenzisa isayensi ukuqonda nokuthuthukisa izixazululo zezinkinga zemvelo zanamuhla.
Lokhu kuzibandakanya kwaqiniswa ngokwethulwa kwe-Forever Planet ngo-2019, eyayigxile ekuqaleni kubantu abanikela emhlabeni ongcono nge-Rolex Awards for Enterprise, bavikele izilwandle ngokubambisana ne-Mission Blue, futhi benze ushintsho lwesimo sezulu lube ngokoqobo.
Iphothifoliyo eyandisiwe yolunye ubambiswano olwamukelwe ngaphansi kohlelo lwe-Perpetual Planet manje ihlanganisa: uhambo oluya ezindaweni ezishisayo oludlula imingcele yokuhlola ngaphansi kwamanzi; i-One Ocean Foundation kanye ne-Menkab evikela ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo ze-cetacean eMedithera; i-Xunaan-Ha Expedition eveza ikhwalithi yamanzi eYucatan, eMexico; uhambo olukhulu oluya e-Arctic ngo-2023 ukuyoqoqa idatha ngezinsongo zase-Arctic; i-Hearts In The Ice, kanye nokuqoqa ulwazi ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu e-Arctic; kanye ne-Monaco Blue Initiative, ehlanganisa ochwepheshe bezixazululo zokulondolozwa kolwandle.
I-Rolex iphinde isekele izinhlangano kanye nezinhlelo ezikhulisa isizukulwane esilandelayo sabahloli bamazwe, ososayensi kanye nabalondolozi bemvelo ngokusebenzisa izifundi kanye nezibonelelo ezifana ne-World Underwater Scholarship Association kanye ne-Rolex Explorers Club Grant.
I-National Geographic Society yinhlangano engenzi nzuzo yomhlaba wonke esebenzisa amandla esayensi, ucwaningo, imfundo, kanye nokuxoxa izindaba ukukhanyisa nokuvikela izimangaliso zomhlaba wethu. Kusukela ngo-1888, i-National Geographic ibilokhu icindezela imingcele yocwaningo, itshala imali kumakhono anesibindi kanye nemibono yokuguqula, ihlinzeka ngezibonelelo zemisebenzi ezingaphezu kuka-15,000 emazwenikazi ayisikhombisa, ifinyelela abafundi abayizigidi ezintathu minyaka yonke ngeminikelo yemfundo, futhi idonsa ukunaka komhlaba wonke ngokusebenzisa amasignesha. , izindaba nokuqukethwe. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi, vakashela ku-www.nationalgeographic.org noma usilandele ku-Instagram, Twitter kanye ne-Facebook.
Umsebenzi: I-WCS isindisa izilwane zasendle nezilwane zasendle emhlabeni wonke ngesayensi, imizamo yokulondolozwa kwemvelo, imfundo kanye nokuphefumulela abantu ukuba bazise imvelo. Isekelwe eBronx Zoo, i-WCS isebenzisa amandla aphelele ohlelo lwayo lokulondolozwa kwemvelo emhlabeni wonke ukufeza umsebenzi wayo, inezivakashi eziyizigidi ezingu-4 minyaka yonke emazweni acishe abe ngu-60 nakuzo zonke izilwandle zomhlaba, kanye namapaki ezilwane zasendle amahlanu eNew York City. I-WCS ihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bayo kuma-zoo nama-aquarium ukuze ifeze umsebenzi wayo wokulondolozwa kwemvelo. Vakashela i-newsroom.wcs.org. Bhalisela: @WCSNewsroom. Ulwazi olwengeziwe: +1 (347) 840-1242.
Umsunguli we-SpaceRef, ilungu le-Explorers Club, owayeyi-NASA, ithimba elivakashile, intatheli, isazi sezinkanyezi kanye ne-spacebiology, wehlulekile ukukhuphuka izintaba.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-10-2022