Amanzi Ahlungiwe Noma Angahlungiwe

Ucwaningo olulodwa (olwenziwa yinkampani yokuhlunga amanzi) lulinganisele ukuthi cishe ama-77% abantu baseMelika basebenzisa uhlelo lokuhlunga amanzi ekhaya. Imakethe yokuhlanza amanzi yase-US (2021) kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule ngamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-5.85 ngonyaka. Njengoba kunamaphesenti amaningi kangaka abantu baseMelika abasebenzisa izihlungi zamanzi [1], kufanele kuqashelwe kakhulu izinkinga zezempilo ezingase zivele ngokungashintshi isihlungi sakho samanzi.

Izinhlobo Zezinhlelo Zokuhlunga Amanzi Ekhaya

Izinhlelo ezine zokuqala zibhekwa njengezisebenzisa izinhlelo zokuhlanza amanzi ngamaqoqo ngoba zicubungula amanzi ngamaqoqo bese ziwayisa empompini owodwa. Ngokuphambene nalokho, lonke uhlelo lokuhlanza amanzi lubhekwa njengohlelo lokuhlanza amanzi, oluvame ukuphatha iningi lamanzi angena endlini.

Udinga isihlungi samanzi?

Iningi labantu lithenga izihlungi zamanzi ngoba likhathazekile ngokunambitha noma iphunga, noma ngoba zingase zibe namakhemikhali ayingozi empilweni, njenge-lead.

Isinyathelo sokuqala ekunqumeni ukuthi isihlungi samanzi siyadingeka yini ukuthola umthombo wamanzi okuphuza. Uma amanzi akho okuphuza evela ohlelweni lokunikeza amanzi oluphakathi kuya kolukhulu lomphakathi, ungase ungadingi isihlungi samanzi. Njengoba ngibhalile ngaphambilini, izinhlelo eziningi zokunikeza amanzi ezinkulu neziphakathi zihlangabezana kahle nemithethonqubo yamanzi okuphuza ye-EPA. Izinkinga eziningi zamanzi okuphuza zenzeka ezinhlelweni ezincane zokunikeza amanzi kanye nasemithonjeni yangasese.

Uma kunenkinga yokunambitha noma iphunga emanzini akho okuphuza, ingabe kuyinkinga enkampanini yakho yokulungisa amapayipi noma yamanzi? Uma inkinga ivela kuphela kumapayipi athile, kungaba yipayipi lakho lasekhaya; Uma lesi simo senzeka kuwo wonke umndeni, singase sibangelwe yinkampani yakho yamanzi - sicela uxhumane nabo noma i-ejensi yakho yezempilo yomphakathi.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi lezi zinkinga zokunambitheka nephunga ngokuvamile azibangeli izinkinga zempilo. Kodwa-ke, akekho othanda ukuphuza amanzi anokunambitheka okubi noma iphunga elibi, futhi izihlungi zamanzi zingasiza kakhulu ekuxazululeni lezi zinkinga.

Ezinye zezinkinga ezivame kakhulu zokunambitheka nephunga emanzini okuphuza yilezi:

• Iphunga lensimbi – ngokuvamile libangelwa ukuvuza kwensimbi noma ithusi kusuka emapayipini
• Ukunambitheka noma iphunga le-chlorine noma "lamakhemikhali" - ngokuvamile ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-chlorine namakhemikhali e-organic ezinhlelweni zamapayipi
• Iphunga le-sulfur noma iqanda elibolile - ngokuvamile livela ku-hydrogen sulfide yemvelo emanzini angaphansi komhlaba
• Iphunga elinobuthi noma elifana nelenhlanzi – ngokuvamile libangelwa amabhaktheriya akhula emapayipini okudonsa amanzi esinki, ezitshalweni, ezilwaneni, noma amabhaktheriya atholakala ngokwemvelo emachibini nasemadamini okugcina amanzi
• Ukunambitheka okunosawoti – ngokuvamile kubangelwa amazinga aphezulu e-sodium yemvelo, i-magnesium, noma i-potassium.

Isizathu sesibili sokuthi abantu bathenge izihlungi zamanzi kungenxa yokukhathazeka ngamakhemikhali ayingozi. Nakuba i-EPA ilawula ukungcola okungu-90 ezinhlelweni zokuphakelwa kwamanzi zomphakathi, abantu abaningi abakholelwa ukuthi amanzi abo angadliwa ngokuphephile ngaphandle kwezihlungi. Umbiko wocwaningo uthi abantu bakholelwa ukuthi amanzi ahlungiwe anempilo (42%) noma anobungani nemvelo (41%), noma abakholelwa ekhwalithini yamanzi (37%).

inkinga yezempilo

Ukungashintshi isihlungi samanzi kuletha izinkinga zempilo eziningi kunalokho okuzixazululayo

Lesi simo senzeka ngoba uma isihlungi singashintshwa njalo, amabhaktheriya ayingozi kanye nezinye izinto ezincane eziphilayo zizokhula futhi zande. Uma izihlungi zivalekile, zingase zonakale, okuholela ekuqongeleleni kwamabhaktheriya namakhemikhali angena emanzini asekhaya lakho. Ukukhula ngokweqile kwamabhaktheriya ayingozi kungalimaza impilo yakho, okuholela ezinkingeni zesisu, okuhlanganisa ukuhlanza nohudo.

Izihlungi zamanzi zingasusa amakhemikhali amahle namabi

Izihlungi zamanzi azikwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwamakhemikhali abalulekile empilweni (njenge-calcium, i-magnesium, i-iodine, ne-potassium) namakhemikhali ayingozi (njenge-lead ne-cadmium).

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukusebenzisa isihlungi samanzi ukususa amakhemikhali kusekelwe kusayizi wembobo yesihlungi, okungusayizi wembobo encane lapho amanzi edlula khona. Cabanga ngesihlungi noma isipuni esivuzayo. Uma amambobo emancane, kulapho ukungcola okuvimba khona kuncane. Isibonelo, isihlungi sekhabhoni esisebenzayo esinesihlungi se-microfiltration sinosayizi wembobo ongaba ngu-0.1 micrometer [2]; Usayizi wembobo yesihlungi se-reverse osmosis cishe ungaba ngu-0.0001 micrometer, okungavimba amakhemikhali amancane kunezihlungi zekhabhoni.

Izihlungi zingavimba wonke amakhemikhali anobukhulu obufanayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi abalulekile noma ayingozi empilweni. Lokhu sekuyinkinga emazweni afana ne-Israel, lapho ukukhishwa kukasawoti emanzini olwandle kusetshenziswa khona kakhulu njengamanzi okuphuza. Ukukhishwa kukasawoti emanzini olwandle kusebenzisa uhlelo lwe-reverse osmosis ukususa usawoti emanzini, kodwa ngaphezu kosawoti, kususa nezinto ezine ezibalulekile: i-fluoride, i-calcium, i-iodine, ne-magnesium. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kabanzi kokukhishwa kukasawoti emanzini olwandle, i-Israel inaka kakhulu ukuntuleka kwe-iodine kanye nokuntuleka kwe-magnesium kubantu. Ukuntuleka kwe-iodine kungaholela ekungasebenzi kahle kwe-thyroid, kuyilapho ukuntuleka kwe-magnesium kuhlobene nesifo senhliziyo kanye nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.

Yini abathengi abafuna ukuyenza?

Ayikho impendulo yokuthi kufanele kuthengwe isihlungi samanzi. Lokhu kuyisinqumo somuntu siqu, kuye ngesimo esithile somndeni wakho. Izinkinga ezibaluleke kakhulu lapho ufunda izihlungi zamanzi zasekhaya uhlobo lwesihlungi, usayizi wembobo, kanye nokungcola okuthile okususiwe.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zezihlungi zamanzi yilezi:

I-activated carbon – uhlobo oluvame kakhulu ngenxa yezindleko zayo eziphansi kanye nezinga eliphezulu lokumuncwa. Ifanele ukususa i-lead, i-mercury, ne-chlorine, kodwa ayikwazi ukususa i-nitrate, i-arsenic, izinsimbi ezisindayo, noma amabhaktheriya amaningi.

• I-reverse osmosis – kusetshenziswa ingcindezi ukususa ukungcola nge-membrane engenela kancane. Inekhono lokususa amakhemikhali amaningi namabhaktheriya.
• Ukuhlunga nge-Ultra - Kufana ne-reverse osmosis, kodwa akudingi amandla ukuze kusebenze. Kususa amakhemikhali amaningi kune-reverse osmosis.
• Ukuhluzwa kwamanzi – ukufudumeza amanzi aze abile bese kuqoqa umhwamuko wamanzi ngesikhathi sokujiya. Kufanelekela ukususa amakhemikhali amaningi namagciwane.
• Izihlungi zokushintshanisa ama-ion – sebenzisa ama-resin aqukethe ama-ion e-hydrogen ashajwe kahle ukuze adonse ukungcola – ukuze kuthambe amanzi (ukususa i-calcium, i-magnesium, namanye amaminerali emanzini bese uwafaka esikhundleni sawo nge-sodium).
• Imisebe ye-UV – Ukukhanya okunamandla kakhulu kungasusa amagciwane, kodwa akukwazi ukususa amakhemikhali.

Uma ucabanga ukuthenga isihlungi samanzi, ungasebenzisa izinsiza ezinhle kakhulu:

• Ukuze uthole ulwazi olujwayelekile, sicela uvakashele iwebhusayithi ye-CDC
• Ulwazi ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zezihlungi zamanzi
• Isilinganiso somkhiqizo
• Isitifiketi somkhiqizo yiNational Health Foundation (NSF), inhlangano ezimele ebeka amazinga ezempilo yomphakathi emikhiqizweni

Uma usuthenge isihlungi samanzi noma usuvele unayo, sicela ukhumbule ukusishintsha!