Amanzi Ahlungiwe Noma Angahlungiwe

Olunye ucwaningo (olwenziwa inkampani yokuhlunga amanzi) lulinganisela ukuthi cishe ama-77% abantu baseMelika basebenzisa uhlelo lokuhlunga amanzi asekhaya. Imakethe yokuhlanza amanzi yaseMelika (2021) kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule ngama- $ 5.85 billion ngonyaka. Ngephesenti elikhulu kangaka labantu baseMelika abasebenzisa izihlungi zamanzi[1], kufanele kubhekwe kakhulu izinkinga zempilo ezingase ziphakame ngenxa yokungafaki isihlungi sakho samanzi.

Izinhlobo Zezinhlelo Zokuhlunga Amanzi Asekhaya

Amasistimu amane okuqala acatshangelwa ukuthi asebenzise amasistimu okwelapha amaphuzu ngoba acubungula amanzi ngamaqoqo futhi awathuthele kumpompi owodwa. Ngokuphambene, lonke uhlelo lwezindlu lubhekwa njengohlelo lokwelapha lwezindawo zokungena, oluvamise ukuphatha amanzi amaningi angena endlini.

Ingabe udinga isisefo samanzi?

Abantu abaningi bathenga izisefo zamanzi ngoba bekhathazekile ngokunambitha noma ngephunga, noma ngenxa yokuthi zingase zibe namakhemikhali ayingozi empilweni, njengomthofu.

Isinyathelo sokuqala sokunquma ukuthi isisefo samanzi siyadingeka yini ukuthola umthombo wamanzi okuphuza. Uma amanzi akho okuphuza ephuma ohlelweni lokuphakela amanzi oluphakathi nendawo ukuya elikhulu, ungase ungasidingi isisefo samanzi. Njengoba ngike ngabhala, izinhlelo eziningi zokuhlinzeka ngamanzi ezinkulu neziphakathi zihlangabezana nemithethonqubo yamanzi okuphuza ye-EPA kahle kakhulu. Izinkinga eziningi zamanzi okuphuza zenzeka ezinhlelweni ezincane zokuhlinzeka ngamanzi kanye nemithombo yangasese.

Uma kunenkinga yokunambitheka noma iphunga emanzini okuphuza, ingabe kuyinkinga ngenkampani yakho yamapayipi noma amanzi? Uma inkinga yenzeka kuphela kompompi abathile, kungase kube ipayipi lakho lasekhaya; Uma lesi simo senzeka emndenini wonke, kungenzeka sibangelwa inkampani yakho yamanzi - sicela uxhumane nabo noma isikhungo sezempilo somphakathi sangakini.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi lezi zinkinga zokunambitha nephunga ngokuvamile azibangeli izinkinga zempilo. Nokho, akekho othanda ukuphuza amanzi anokunambitheka okubi noma iphunga, futhi izihlungi zamanzi zingasiza kakhulu ekuxazululeni lezi zinkinga.

Ezinye zezinkinga ezivame kakhulu zokunambitheka kanye nephunga emanzini okuphuza yilezi:

• Iphunga lensimbi - ngokuvamile elibangelwa ukucwiliswa kwensimbi noma ithusi emapayipini
• I-Chlorine noma “ikhemikhali” ukunambitheka noma iphunga - ngokuvamile ukusebenzisana phakathi kwe-chlorine nezinhlanganisela eziphilayo ezinhlelweni zamapayipi
• Isibabule noma iphunga leqanda elibolile - ngokuvamile elivela ngokwemvelo ku-hydrogen sulfide emanzini angaphansi komhlaba
• Iphunga eliyisisikhunta noma elinenhlanzi - ngokuvamile elibangelwa amagciwane akhula kumapayipi okudonsa amanzi, izitshalo, izilwane, noma amagciwane avele ngokwemvelo emachibini nasemachibini.
• Ukunambitheka okunosawoti - ngokuvamile okubangelwa amazinga aphezulu e-sodium yemvelo, i-magnesium, noma i-potassium.

Isizathu sesibili sokuthi abantu bathenge izihlungi zamanzi kungenxa yokukhathazeka ngamakhemikhali ayingozi. Nakuba i-EPA ilawula ukungcola okungu-90 ezinhlelweni zokuphakelwa kwamanzi zomphakathi, abantu abaningi abakholwa ukuthi amanzi abo angaphuzwa ngokuphephile ngaphandle kwezihlungi. Umbiko wocwaningo uthi abantu bakholelwa ukuthi amanzi ahlungiwe anempilo (42%) noma ayihambisani nemvelo (41%), noma abakholelwa eqophelweni lamanzi (37%).

inkinga yezempilo

Ukungashintshi isihlungi samanzi kuletha izinkinga eziningi zezempilo kunalokho okuzixazululayo

Lesi simo senzeka ngoba uma isihlungi singashintshwa njalo, amagciwane ayingozi namanye ama-microorganisms azokhula futhi ande. Lapho izihlungi zivalekile, zingase zonakaliswe, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwamabhaktheriya namakhemikhali angena emanzini asendlini yakho. Ukukhula ngokweqile kwamagciwane ayingozi kungalimaza impilo yakho, okuholela ezinkingeni zamathumbu, okuhlanganisa ukuhlanza nesifo sohudo.

Izihlungi zamanzi zingasusa kokubili amakhemikhali amahle namabi

Izihlungi zamanzi azikwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwamakhemikhali abalulekile empilweni (njenge-calcium, i-magnesium, i-iodine, ne-potassium) namakhemikhali ayingozi (njengomthofu ne-cadmium).

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukusebenzisa isisefo samanzi ukuze kukhishwe amakhemikhali kusekelwe kubukhulu bembotshana yesisefo, okungubukhulu bembobo encane amanzi adlula kuyo. Cabanga ngesisefo noma isipuni esivuzayo. Uma izimbotshana zizincane, ziba zincane izinto ezingcolisayo ezizivimbayo. Isibonelo, isihlungi sekhabhoni esicushiwe esinesihlungi se-microfiltration sinosayizi wembotshana ocishe ube ngama-micrometer angu-0.1 [2]; Usayizi wembotshana wesihlungi se-osmosis ebuyela emuva cishe u-0.0001 micrometer, ongavimba amakhemikhali amancane kunezihlungi zekhabhoni.

Izihlungi zingavimba wonke amakhemikhali anosayizi ofanayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi abalulekile noma ayingozi empilweni. Lokhu sekuyinkinga emazweni anjengo-Israel, lapho ukukhishwa kukasawoti emanzini olwandle kusetshenziswa kakhulu njengamanzi okuphuza. Ukukhipha usawoti emanzini olwandle kusebenzisa isimiso se-osmosis esibuyisela emuva ukuze kukhishwe usawoti emanzini, kodwa ngaphezu kukasawoti, kuphinde kususe izakhi ezine ezibalulekile: i-fluoride, i-calcium, i-iodine, ne-magnesium. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kabanzi kokukhipha usawoti emanzini olwandle, i-Israel inaka ngokukhethekile ukuntuleka kwe-iodine kanye nokuntuleka kwe-magnesium kubantu. Ukuntuleka kwe-iodine kungase kubangele ukungasebenzi kahle kwegilo, kuyilapho ukuntula kwe-magnesium kuhlobene nesifo senhliziyo nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.

Yini abathengi abafuna ukuyenza?

Ayikho impendulo yokuthi isisefo samanzi kufanele sithengwe. Lokhu ukukhetha komuntu siqu, kuye ngesimo esithile somndeni wakho. Izinkinga ezibaluleke kakhulu lapho ufunda izihlungi zamanzi zasendlini uhlobo lwesihlungi, usayizi wezimbotshana, kanye nokungcola okuthile okususiwe.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokuhlunga amanzi yilezi:

Ikhabhoni ecushiwe – wuhlobo olujwayeleke kakhulu ngenxa yezindleko eziphansi nezinga eliphezulu lokukhangiswa. Ilungele ukususa umthofu, i-mercury, ne-chlorine, kodwa ayikwazi ukususa i-nitrate, i-arsenic, izinsimbi ezisindayo, noma amagciwane amaningi.

• I-osmosis ehlehlisayo - usebenzisa ingcindezi ukuze ususe ukungcola ngolwelwesi olungafinyeleleki kalula. Ukwazi ukususa amakhemikhali amaningi nama-bacteria.
• I-Ultrafiltration - Ifana nokuhlehlisa i-osmosis, kodwa ayidingi amandla ukuze isebenze. Isusa amakhemikhali amaningi kune- reverse osmosis.
• I-distillation yamanzi - ukushisisa amanzi aze afike endaweni abilayo bese uqoqa umhwamuko wamanzi ngesikhathi sokujiya. Ifanele ukususa amakhemikhali amaningi nama-bacteria.
• Izihlungi zokushintshanisa i-ion - sebenzisa ama-resin aqukethe ama-ion e-hydrogen afakwe kahle ukuze ahehe ukungcola - ukuze athambise amanzi (ukukhipha i-calcium, i-magnesium, namanye amaminerali emanzini futhi esikhundleni sawo kufakwe isodium).
• Imisebe ye-UV - Ukukhanya okukhulu kakhulu kungasusa amagciwane, kodwa akukwazi ukususa amakhemikhali.

Uma ucabanga ukuthenga isihlungi samanzi, ungasebenzisa izinsiza ezinhle kakhulu:

• Ukuze uthole ulwazi olujwayelekile, sicela uvakashele iwebhusayithi ye-CDC
• Ulwazi ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zezihlungi zamanzi
• Isilinganiso somkhiqizo
• Ukuqinisekiswa komkhiqizo yi-National Health Foundation (NSF), inhlangano ezimele ebeka amazinga ezempilo yomphakathi emikhiqizweni

Uma uthenge isihlungi samanzi noma usuvele unaso, sicela ukhumbule ukusishintsha!