Izazinzulu zifumana ubungqina be-187 taxonomic orders kwiilitha ezingama-20 zamanzi eziqokelelwe kwenye yezona ndawo zinzima emhlabeni.
Iqela lezazinzulu elikhokelwa yiWildlife Conservation Society (WCS) kunye neAppalachian State University lisebenzise i-DNA yokusingqongileyo (i-eDNA) ukubhala ngeentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo zentaba ende emhlabeni, iNtaba i-Everest enobubanzi obuyi-29,032-foot (8,849 metres). Lo msebenzi ubalulekileyo uyinxalenye yohambo olumangalisayo lwe-2019 National Geographic kunye neRolex Perpetual Planet Everest, uhambo olukhulu lwesayensi lwe-Everest.
Bebhala ngeziphumo zabo kwijenali iScience, iqela liqokelele i-eDNA kwiisampulu zamanzi ezivela kumachibi alishumi kunye nemilambo kubunzulu obuphakathi kweenyawo ezili-14,763 (iimitha ezingama-4,500) ukuya kwiimitha ezingama-5,500 (iimitha ezingama-14,763) kwiiveki ezine. Ezi ndawo ziquka iindawo zemiqolomba ye-alpine ekhoyo ngaphezulu komgca wemithi kwaye ziqulathe uluhlu lweentlobo zezityalo eziqhakazayo kunye nezihlahla, kunye nemigodi ye-aeolian edlula izityalo eziqhakazayo kunye nezihlahla phezulu kwi-biosphere. Bachonge izinto eziphilayo ezikwi-187 taxonomic orders ezivela kwiilitha ezingama-20 zamanzi kuphela, ezilingana ne-16.3%, okanye isinye kwisithandathu, senani lilonke lee-oda ezaziwayo kwi-Tree of Life, umthi wosapho lwezinto ezahlukeneyo zoMhlaba.
I-eDNA ikhangela ubungakanani bezinto ezishiyekileyo zemfuza ezishiywe zizinto eziphilayo kunye nezilwanyana zasendle kwaye ibonelela ngendlela engabizi kakhulu, ekhawulezayo nebanzi yokuphucula amandla ophando lokuvavanya ubume bezinto eziphilayo kwindawo yasemanzini. Iisampulu ziqokelelwa kusetyenziswa ibhokisi evaliweyo enesihluzo esibamba izinto zemfuza, emva koko sihlalutywa kwilebhu kusetyenziswa i-DNA metabarcoding kunye nezinye iindlela zokulandelelana. I-WCS isebenzisa i-eDNA ukufumanisa iintlobo ezinqabileyo nezisengozini yokuphela ukusuka kwimikhomo ye-humpback ukuya kwiifudo ze-Swinhoe softshell, enye yezona ntlobo zinqabileyo eMhlabeni.
Imephu yobushushu yokufundwa kolandelelwano lweebhaktheriya ezichongiweyo nezihlelwe ngokwee-taxonomic ngokulandelelana kusetyenziswa i-SingleM kunye nedathabheyisi yeGreengenes kwindawo nganye.
Nangona uphando luka-Everest lugxile ekuchongeni indalo ngokwe-oda, iqela likwazile ukuchonga izinto ezininzi eziphilayo ukuya kwinqanaba le-genus okanye uhlobo.
Umzekelo, iqela lichonge ii-rotifers kunye nee-tardigrades, izilwanyana ezimbini ezincinci ezaziwa ngokuchuma kwezinye zezona ndawo zinzima nezinzima kakhulu kwaye zithathwa njengezinye zezilwanyana ezikwaziyo ukumelana neemeko ezinzima emhlabeni. Ukongeza, bafumene intshontsho yekhephu yaseTibet efumaneka kwiSagarmatha National Park kwaye bamangaliswa kukufumana iintlobo ezifana nezinja zasekhaya kunye neenkukhu ezimele impembelelo yemisebenzi yabantu kumhlaba.
Bakwafumene imithi yephayini efumaneka kuphela kwiinduli ezikude kakhulu nalapho bathathe khona iisampulu, nto leyo ebonisa indlela impova evuthuzwa ngumoya ehamba ngayo phezulu kwezi ndawo zamanzi. Esinye isidalwa abasifumene kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo yi-mayfly, uphawu olwaziwayo lotshintsho lwendalo.
Uluhlu lwe-eDNA luza kunceda ukujonga i-biomonitoring kwixesha elizayo kwiintaba eziphakamileyo zeHimalaya kunye nezifundo ze-molecular ezijonga emva ukuze kuvavanywe utshintsho ngokuhamba kwexesha njengoko ukufudumala okubangelwa yimozulu, ukunyibilika kweqhwa kunye nempembelelo yabantu itshintsha le nkqubo yendalo etshintsha ngokukhawuleza nedumileyo kwihlabathi liphela.
UGqr. Tracey Seimon we-WCS Animal Health Program, okhokela iqela le-Everest Biofield kunye nomphandi okhokelayo, uthe: “Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezininzi. Indalo esingqongileyo yeentaba, kuquka neNtaba i-Everest, kufuneka ithathwe njengephantsi kokubekwa esweni rhoqo kwezinto eziphilayo zeentaba ixesha elide, ukongeza ekubekweni esweni kwezinto eziphilayo kunye novavanyo lwempembelelo yotshintsho lwemozulu.”
UGqr. Marisa Lim weWildlife Conservation Society uthe: “Siye eluphahleni lwehlabathi sifuna ubomi. Nantsi into esiyifumeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, ibali alipheli apho. Nceda unike ulwazi ngekamva lengqondo.”
Umlawuli wophando lwentsimi, umphandi weNational Geographic kunye noNjingalwazi oNcedisayo kwiYunivesithi yaseAppalachian State uGqr. Anton Simon uthe: “Kwinkulungwane eyadlulayo, xa ebuzwa ukuba, ‘Kutheni kufuneka uye e-Everest?’, umkhweli wentaba waseBritane uGeorge Mallory uphendule wathi, ‘Kungenxa yokuba yayilapho. Iqela lethu lika-2019 lalinoluvo olwahlukileyo kakhulu: siye eNtabeni i-Everest kuba yayinolwazi kwaye yayinokusifundisa ngehlabathi esiphila kulo.”
Ngokwenza le datha yomthombo ovulekileyo ifumaneke kuluntu lophando, ababhali banethemba lokufaka isandla kumzamo oqhubekayo wokwakha izixhobo zeemolekyuli zokufunda nokulandelela utshintsho kwizinto eziphilayo kwiintaba eziphakamileyo emhlabeni.
Isicatshulwa senqaku: Lim et al., Ukusebenzisa i-DNA yokusingqongileyo ukuvavanya ubuninzi bezinto eziphilayo zoMthi woBomi kwicala elisezantsi leNtaba i-Everest, iScience (2022) Marisa KV Lim, 1Anton Seimon, 2Batya Nightingale, 1Charles SI Xu, 3Stefan RP Holloy, 4Adam J. Solon, 5Nicholas B. Dragon, 5Steven K. Schmidt, 5Alex Tate, 6Sandra Alvin, 6Aurora K. Elmore, 6,7 kunye noTracey A. Simon1,8,
1 UMbutho woLondolozo lweZilwanyana zasendle, iNkqubo yezeMpilo yeZoological, iBronx Zoo, eBronx, NY 10460, e-USA 2 IYunivesithi yase-Appalachian State, iSebe leJografi noCwangciso, eBoone, NC 28608, e-USA 3 IYunivesithi yaseMcGill, iRedpath iSebe leeMyuziyam neBiology, eMontreal, H3A 0G4, eKhanadaQ94 iSebe leeShishini eziPhambili, eWellington 6011, eNew Zealand 5 IYunivesithi yaseColorado, iSebe le-Ecology ne-Evolutionary Biology, eBoulder, CO 80309, e-USA 6 UMbutho weSizwe weJografi, eWashington, DC, 20036, e-USAQ107 Ulawulo lweSizwe lwe-Ocean and Atmospheric, eSilver-Spring, MD 20910, e-USA 8 Unxibelelwano oluPhambili* Unxibelelwano
Injongo: I-WCS isindisa izilwanyana zasendle kunye nezilwanyana zasendle kwihlabathi liphela ngesayensi, imizamo yokulondoloza, imfundo kunye nokukhuthaza abantu ukuba baxabise indalo. Ukuze sizalisekise injongo yethu, i-WCS ikwi-Bronx Zoo, isebenzisa amandla apheleleyo enkqubo yayo yokulondoloza umhlaba, etyelelwa minyaka le ngabantu abazizigidi ezi-4 kumazwe aphantse abe ngama-60 nakwiilwandle zonke zehlabathi, kunye neepaki ezintlanu zezilwanyana zasendle eNew York. I-WCS idibanisa ubuchule bayo kwizilwanyana zasendle kunye ne-aquariums ukuze ifezekise injongo yayo yokulondoloza. Ndwendwela: newsroom.wcs.org Landela: @WCSNewsroom. Ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya: 347-840-1242. Mamela i-podcast ye-WCS Wild Audio apha.
Njengeziko likarhulumente eliphambili eMzantsi-mpuma, i-Appalachian State University ilungiselela abafundi ukuba baphile ubomi obanelisayo njengabemi behlabathi abaqondayo nabathatha uxanduva lokudala ikamva elizinzileyo kubo bonke. Amava e-Appalachian akhuthaza umoya wokubandakanya abantu ngokudibanisa abantu ngeendlela ezikhuthazayo zokufumana nokudala ulwazi, ukukhula ngokupheleleyo, ukwenza ngomdla nangokuzimisela, nokwamkela ukwahluka kunye nomahluko. I-Appalachian, ekwiiNtaba zeBlue Ridge, yenye yeekhampasi ezili-17 kwinkqubo yeYunivesithi yaseNorth Carolina. Ngabafundi abamalunga nama-21,000, iYunivesithi yase-Appalachian inomlinganiselo ophantsi wabafundi kunye nabafundisi kwaye inikezela ngeenkqubo ezingaphezu kwe-150 ze-undergraduate kunye ne-graduate.
Intsebenziswano yeNational Geographic neRolex ixhasa uhambo lokuhlola iindawo ezibalulekileyo emhlabeni. Zisebenzisa ubuchule besayensi obudumileyo kwihlabathi liphela kunye netekhnoloji yanamhlanje ukutyhila ulwazi olutsha kwiinkqubo ezibalulekileyo kubomi eMhlabeni, olu hambo lunceda izazinzulu, abenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo kunye noluntu lwasekuhlaleni ukuba bacebe kwaye bafumane izisombululo kwimpembelelo yemozulu kunye nemozulu. Okusingqongileyo kuyatshintsha, kubalisa imimangaliso yehlabathi lethu ngamabali anamandla.
Kangangeminyaka ephantse ibe yinkulungwane, iRolex ixhase abahloli bamazwe abaphambili abafuna ukutyhala imida yamathuba abantu. Le nkampani isuke ekukhuthazeni uphando lokufumanisa izinto ezintsha ukuya ekukhuseleni iplanethi ngokwenza isibophelelo sexesha elide ekuxhaseni abantu kunye nemibutho esebenzisa isayensi ukuqonda nokuphuhlisa izisombululo kwiingxaki zokusingqongileyo zanamhlanje.
Olu budlelwane lwaqiniswa ngokuqaliswa kweForever Planet ngo-2019, eyayigxile ekuqaleni kubantu abanegalelo kwihlabathi elingcono ngeRolex Awards for Enterprise, bakhusele iilwandle ngokubambisana neMission Blue, kwaye benze utshintsho lwemozulu lube yinyani.
Ipotifoliyo eyandisiweyo yezinye intsebenziswano ezamkelwe phantsi kwesicwangciso sePerpetual Planet ngoku ibandakanya: uhambo oluya entlango olutyhala imida yophando oluphantsi kwamanzi; i-One Ocean Foundation kunye neMenkab ekhusela iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo zase-cetacean kwiMeditera; i-Xunaan-Ha Expedition etyhila umgangatho wamanzi eYucatan, eMexico; uhambo olukhulu oluya e-Arctic ngo-2023 ukuyokuqokelela idatha malunga neengozi ze-Arctic; i-Hearts In The Ice, kunye nokuqokelela ulwazi malunga notshintsho lwemozulu kwi-Arctic; kunye ne-Monaco Blue Initiative, edibanisa iingcali kwizisombululo zolondolozo lolwandle.
I-Rolex ikwaxhasa imibutho kunye namanyathelo okukhulisa isizukulwana esilandelayo sabahloli, izazinzulu kunye nabalondolozi bendalo ngokusebenzisa ii-scholarship kunye nezibonelelo ezifana ne-World Underwater Scholarship Association kunye ne-Rolex Explorers Club Grant.
I-National Geographic Society yintlangano engenzi nzuzo yehlabathi esebenzisa amandla esayensi, uphando, imfundo, kunye nokubalisa amabali ukukhanyisa nokukhusela imimangaliso yehlabathi lethu. Ukusukela ngo-1888, i-National Geographic ibityhala imida yophando, ityale imali kwitalente enesibindi kunye neengcinga eziguqulayo, ibonelela ngezibonelelo zengqesho ezingaphezu kwe-15,000 kumazwekazi asixhenxe, ifikelela kubafundi abazizigidi ezi-3 ngonyaka ngeminikelo yemfundo, kwaye ithimba ingqalelo yehlabathi ngokusebenzisa imiqondiso. , amabali kunye nomxholo. Ukuze ufunde okungakumbi, ndwendwela i-www.nationalgeographic.org okanye usilandele kwi-Instagram, Twitter kunye ne-Facebook.
Injongo: I-WCS isindisa izilwanyana zasendle kunye nezilwanyana zasendle kwihlabathi liphela ngesayensi, imizamo yolondolozo, imfundo kunye nokukhuthaza abantu ukuba baxabise indalo. Isekelwe kwiBronx Zoo, i-WCS isebenzisa amandla apheleleyo enkqubo yayo yolondolozo lwehlabathi ukufezekisa injongo yayo, kunye neendwendwe ezizigidi ezi-4 ngonyaka kumazwe aphantse abe ngama-60 nakwiilwandle zonke zehlabathi, kunye neepaki zezilwanyana zasendle ezintlanu eNew York City. I-WCS idibanisa ubuchule bayo kwizilwanyana zasendle kunye ne-aquariums ukufezekisa injongo yayo yolondolozo. Ndwendwela i-newsroom.wcs.org. Bhalisa: @WCSNewsroom. Ulwazi olongezelelweyo: +1 (347) 840-1242.
Umseki weSpaceRef, ilungu le-Explorers Club, owayesakuba yi-NASA, iqela elityeleleyo, intatheli, isazinzulu ngezendalo kunye ne-astrobiologist, akaphumelelanga ekunyukeni intaba.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Septemba-10-2022