Amanzi Ahluziweyo Okanye Angahluzwanga

Olunye uphando (olwenziwe yinkampani yokucoca amanzi) luqikelele ukuba malunga nama-77% abantu baseMelika basebenzisa inkqubo yokucoca amanzi emakhaya. Imarike yokucoca amanzi yaseMelika (2021) kulindeleke ukuba ikhule nge-$5.85 yeebhiliyoni ngonyaka. Njengoko inani elikhulu kangaka labantu baseMelika besebenzisa izihluzi zamanzi [1], kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngakumbi iingxaki zempilo ezinokuvela ngokungatshintshi isihluzi sakho samanzi.

Iintlobo zeNkqubo zokuHlanza Amanzi eKhaya

Iinkqubo ezine zokuqala zithathwa njengezisebenzisa iinkqubo zokunyanga amanzi kuba zicubungula amanzi ngokwamaqela kwaye ziwathutha aye kwimpompo enye. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, yonke inkqubo yokufunxa amanzi ithathwa njengenkqubo yokunyanga amanzi angena endlwini, edla ngokuphatha uninzi lwamanzi angena endlwini.

Ngaba udinga isihluzo samanzi?

Uninzi lwabantu luthenga izihluzo zamanzi kuba luxhalabele incasa okanye ivumba, okanye kuba zinokuba neekhemikhali eziyingozi empilweni, ezifana nelothe.

Inyathelo lokuqala ekuqinisekiseni ukuba isihluzo samanzi siyafuneka na kukufumana umthombo wamanzi okusela. Ukuba amanzi akho okusela avela kwinkqubo yokubonelela ngamanzi kawonke-wonke ephakathi ukuya kwenkulu, usenokungadingi sihluzo samanzi. Njengoko bendibhalile ngaphambili, uninzi lweenkqubo zokubonelela ngamanzi ezinkulu neziphakathi zihlangabezana kakuhle nemigaqo ye-EPA yamanzi okusela. Uninzi lweengxaki zamanzi okusela zenzeka kwiinkqubo zokubonelela ngamanzi amancinci nakwimithombo yabucala.

Ukuba kukho ingxaki yokunambitha okanye ivumba emanzini okusela, ngaba ingxaki yinkampani yakho yokuhambisa amanzi okanye yamanzi? Ukuba ingxaki iyenzeka kuphela kwiimpompo ezithile, isenokuba yipayipi yakho yasekhaya; Ukuba le meko iyenzeka kusapho lonke, isenokuba ibangelwa yinkampani yakho yamanzi - nceda unxibelelane nabo okanye nearhente yakho yezempilo yoluntu.

Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba ezi ngxaki zencasa nevumba azisoloko zibangela iingxaki zempilo. Nangona kunjalo, akukho mntu uthanda ukusela amanzi anencasa okanye ivumba elibi, kwaye izihluzi zamanzi zinokuba luncedo kakhulu ekusombululeni ezi ngxaki.

Ezinye zezona ngxaki zixhaphakileyo zokunambitha nevumba emanzini okusela zezi:

• Ivumba lesinyithi – lidla ngokubangelwa kukuvuza kwesinyithi okanye ubhedu kwimibhobho
• Ivumba okanye ivumba le-chlorine okanye "ikhemikhali" - ngokwesiqhelo kukudibana phakathi kwe-chlorine kunye neekhompawundi ze-organic kwiinkqubo zemibhobho
• Ivumba le-sulfure okanye ivumba leqanda elibolileyo – lidla ngokuvela kwi-hydrogen sulfide yendalo emanzini angaphantsi komhlaba
• Ivumba elibi okanye elifana neleentlanzi – lidla ngokubangelwa ziintsholongwane ezikhula kwimibhobho yokuhambisa amanzi esinkini, kwizityalo, kwizilwanyana, okanye kwiintsholongwane zendalo kumachibi nakwiindawo zokugcina amanzi.
• Incasa enetyuwa – idla ngokubangelwa ngamanqanaba aphezulu e-sodium, i-magnesium, okanye i-potassium yendalo.

Isizathu sesibini sokuba abantu bathenge izihluzo zamanzi kungenxa yenkxalabo malunga neekhemikhali eziyingozi. Nangona i-EPA ilawula ukungcola okungama-90 kwiinkqubo zokubonelela ngamanzi kawonke-wonke, abantu abaninzi abakholelwa ukuba amanzi abo anokuselwa ngokukhuselekileyo ngaphandle kwezihluzo. Ingxelo yophando ithi abantu bakholelwa ukuba amanzi ahluziweyo anempilo (42%) okanye anobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo (41%), okanye abakholelwa kumgangatho wamanzi (37%).

ingxaki yempilo

Ukungatshintshi isihluzo samanzi kuzisa iingxaki zempilo ezingaphezulu kunokuba kuzisombulula

Le meko yenzeka kuba ukuba isihluzo asitshintshwa rhoqo, iintsholongwane eziyingozi kunye nezinye iintsholongwane ziya kukhula kwaye zande. Xa izihluzo zivalekile, zinokonakala, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuqokeleleni kweentsholongwane kunye neekhemikhali ezingena emanzini asekhaya lakho. Ukukhula kakhulu kweentsholongwane eziyingozi kunokwenzakalisa impilo yakho, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiingxaki zesisu, kubandakanya ukuhlanza kunye norhudo.

Izihluzi zamanzi zinokususa iikhemikhali ezilungileyo nezimbi

Izihluzi zamanzi azikwazi ukwahlula phakathi kweekhemikhali ezibalulekileyo empilweni (ezifana ne-calcium, i-magnesium, i-iodine, kunye ne-potassium) kunye neekhemikhali eziyingozi (ezifana ne-lead kunye ne-cadmium).

Oku kungenxa yokuba ukusebenzisa isihluzo samanzi ukususa iikhemikhali kusekelwe kubukhulu bembobo yesihluzo, obubukhulu bomngxuma omncinci apho amanzi adlula khona. Khawuthelekelele isihluzo okanye icephe elivuzayo. Okukhona iimbobo zincinci, kokukhona zincinci izinto ezingcolisayo ezizivimbayo. Umzekelo, isihluzo sekhabhoni esisebenzayo esine-microfiltration filter sinobukhulu bembobo obumalunga ne-0.1 micrometers [2]; Ubukhulu bembobo yesihluzo se-reverse osmosis bumalunga ne-0.0001 micrometers, ezinokuthintela iikhemikhali ezincinci kunezihluzo zekhabhoni.

Izihluzi zinokuthintela zonke iikhemikhali ezinobukhulu obufanayo, nokuba zibalulekile okanye ziyingozi empilweni. Oku kube yingxaki kumazwe afana ne-Israel, apho ukususwa kwetyuwa emanzini olwandle kusetyenziswa kakhulu njengamanzi okusela. Ukususwa kwetyuwa emanzini olwandle kusebenzisa inkqubo ye-reverse osmosis ukususa ityuwa emanzini, kodwa ukongeza kwityuwa, ikwasusa izinto ezine ezibalulekileyo: i-fluoride, i-calcium, i-iodine, kunye ne-magnesium. Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kokususwa kwetyuwa emanzini olwandle, i-Israel inika ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ekuswelekeni kwe-iodine kunye nokunqongophala kwe-magnesium kubemi. Ukunqongophala kwe-iodine kunokukhokelela ekungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-thyroid, ngelixa ukunqongophala kwe-magnesium kunxulumene nesifo sentliziyo kunye nesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini.

Yintoni abathengi abafuna ukuyenza?

Akukho mpendulo yokuba kufuneka kuthengwe isihluzo samanzi na. Olu lukhetho lomntu, kuxhomekeke kwimeko ethile yosapho lwakho. Eyona micimbi ibalulekileyo xa kuhlolisiswa izihluzo zamanzi zasekhaya luhlobo lwesihluzo, ubungakanani beembobo, kunye nongcoliseko oluthile olususiweyo.

Iintlobo eziphambili zezihluzo zamanzi zezi:

Ikhabhoni esebenzayo – lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo ngenxa yexabiso layo eliphantsi kunye nesantya esiphezulu sokufunxwa. Ifanelekile ukususa i-lead, i-mercury, kunye ne-chlorine, kodwa ayinakususa i-nitrate, i-arsenic, iimetali ezinzima, okanye iibhaktheriya ezininzi.

• I-reverse osmosis – kusetyenziswa uxinzelelo ukususa ukungcola nge-membrane engenela kancinci. Inobuchule bokususa iikhemikhali ezininzi kunye neebhaktheriya.
• Ukucoca nge-Ultra – Kufana ne-reverse osmosis, kodwa akudingi mandla ukuze kusebenze. Kususa iikhemikhali ezininzi kune-reverse osmosis.
• Ukuhluzwa ngamanzi – ukufudumeza amanzi ade abile aze emva koko aqokelele umphunga wamanzi ngexesha lokufuma. Ifanelekile ukususa uninzi lweekhemikhali kunye neebhaktheriya.
• Izihluzi zokutshintshana kwee-ion – sebenzisa ii-resins eziqulethe ii-ion ze-hydrogen ezitshajiweyo kakuhle ukutsala ungcoliseko – ukuze amanzi athambe (ukususa i-calcium, i-magnesium, kunye nezinye iiminerali emanzini uze uzifake endaweni yazo nge-sodium).
• Imitha ye-UV – Ukukhanya okuphezulu kunokususa iintsholongwane, kodwa akunakususa iikhemikhali.

Ukuba ucinga ngokuthenga isihluzo samanzi, ungasebenzisa ezinye izixhobo ezilungileyo:

• Ukuze ufumane ulwazi ngokubanzi, nceda undwendwele iwebhusayithi yeCDC
• Ulwazi malunga neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezihluzi zamanzi
• Uvavanyo lwemveliso
• Isiqinisekiso semveliso yiNational Health Foundation (NSF), umbutho ozimeleyo obeka imigangatho yempilo yoluntu kwiimveliso

Ukuba uthenge isihluzo samanzi okanye sele unayo, nceda ukhumbule ukusitshintsha!