Abahanga mu bya siyansi basanze ibimenyetso by'imiterere 187 y'amazi yakuwe mu bidukikije bikomeye cyane ku Isi, mu mazi 20 yakuwe mu bidukikije bikomeye cyane.
Itsinda ry'abahanga mu bya siyansi bayobowe n'Umuryango Ushinzwe Kubungabunga Inyamaswa zo mu Ishyamba (WCS) na Kaminuza ya Leta ya Appalachian bakoresheje ADN y'ibidukikije (eDNA) kugira ngo bagaragaze imiterere y'ibinyabuzima byo mu misozi miremire ku isi, umusozi wa Everest ufite ubugari bwa metero 8.849. Uyu murimo w'ingenzi ni kimwe mu bigize urugendo rw'ingenzi rwa National Geographic na Rolex Perpetual Planet Everest Expedition 2019, urugendo runini rwa siyansi rwa Everest.
Mu kwandika ibyo bavumbuye mu kinyamakuru iScience, itsinda ryakusanyije eDNA mu mazi yavuye mu bidendezi icumi n'imigezi mu bujyakuzimu kuva kuri metero 4.500 kugeza kuri metero 5.500 mu gihe cy'ibyumweru bine. Aha hantu harimo uduce tw'imirongo yo mu misozi miremire iri hejuru y'umurongo w'ibiti kandi irimo ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibimera n'ibihuru, ndetse n'imirongo y'ibimera byo mu kirere irenga ibimera n'ibihuru biri hejuru y'umugezi. Bagaragaje ibinyabuzima biri mu bwoko 187 bw'ibimera bivuye muri litiro 20 z'amazi gusa, bingana na 16.3%, cyangwa kimwe cya gatandatu, cy'umubare wose w'ibimera bizwi mu giti cy'ubuzima, igiti cy'umuryango w'ibinyabuzima by'Isi.
eDNA ishakisha ingano y'ibintu byasizwe n'ibinyabuzima n'inyamaswa zo mu gasozi kandi itanga uburyo buhendutse, bwihuse kandi bwuzuye bwo kunoza ubushobozi bw'ubushakashatsi bwo gusuzuma urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima mu bidukikije byo mu mazi. Ingero zikusanywa hakoreshejwe agasanduku gafunze karimo akayunguruzo gafata ibintu bya genetike, hanyuma bigasesengurwa muri laboratwari hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa ADN metabarcoding n'ubundi buryo bwo gukurikirana. WCS ikoresha eDNA kugira ngo ivumbure amoko adasanzwe kandi ari mu kaga kuva ku nyoni nini kugeza ku nyoni zo mu bwoko bwa Swinhoe, imwe mu moko adasanzwe ku Isi.
Ikarita y'ubushyuhe yerekana uko bagiteri zagaragaye kandi zigashyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe uburyo bwa taxonomic hakoreshejwe SingleM na database ya Greengenes kuri buri rubuga.
Nubwo ubushakashatsi bwa Everest bwibanze ku kumenya imiterere y’ibinyabuzima, itsinda ryashoboye kumenya ibinyabuzima byinshi kugeza ku bwoko cyangwa ubwoko bw’ibinyabuzima.
Urugero, itsinda ryabonye inyamaswa zo mu bwoko bwa rotifer na tardigrade, inyamaswa ebyiri nto zizwiho gutungana mu duce duto kandi dukomeye cyane, kandi zifatwa nk'izindi nyamaswa zikomeye cyane ku Isi. Byongeye kandi, bavumbuye inyamaswa yo mu bwoko bwa Tibetan snow chick iboneka muri Pariki y'Igihugu ya Sagarmatha, maze batungurwa no kubona ubwoko nk'imbwa zo mu rugo n'inkoko bigaragaza ingaruka z'ibikorwa by'abantu ku butaka.
Babonye kandi ibiti bya pinusi biboneka gusa ku misozi iri kure cyane y’aho bapimye, bigaragaza uburyo impongo zihuhwa n’umuyaga zigenda hejuru muri ibyo bishanga. Ikindi kiremwa babonye ahantu henshi ni isazi ya mayfly, ikimenyetso kizwi cyane cy’impinduka mu bidukikije.
Urutonde rwa eDNA ruzafasha mu gukurikirana mu gihe kizaza imisozi miremire ya Himalaya no gusuzuma inyigo za molekile kugira ngo harebwe impinduka uko igihe kigenda gihita uko ubushyuhe buterwa n’ikirere, urubura rushonga n’ingaruka z’abantu zihindura uru rusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ruhinduka vuba kandi ruzwi ku isi.
Dr. Tracey Seimon wo muri WCS Animal Health Program, akaba n'umuyobozi w'itsinda rya Everest Biofield akaba n'umushakashatsi mukuru, yagize ati: “Hari ibinyabuzima byinshi. Ibidukikije byo mu misozi miremire, harimo n'umusozi wa Everest, bigomba gufatwa nk'ibikurikiranwa mu gihe kirekire ku bidukikije byo mu misozi miremire, hiyongereyeho gukurikirana imiterere y'ikirere n'ingaruka z'imihindagurikire y'ikirere.”
Dr Marisa Lim wo mu Muryango Ushinzwe Kubungabunga Inyamaswa z’Ishyamba yagize ati: “Twagiye mu gisenge cy’isi dushaka ubuzima. Dore ibyo twabonye. Ariko, inkuru ntirangirira aho. fasha mu gutanga amakuru ku byerekeye amakuru y’ejo hazaza.”
Umuyobozi wungirije w’ubushakashatsi mu bya siyansi, umushakashatsi wa National Geographic akaba na Porofeseri wungirije muri Kaminuza ya Leta ya Appalachian, Dr. Anton Simon, yagize ati: “Hashize ikinyejana, ubwo twabazaga bati ‘Kuki twajya kuri Everest?’, Umwongereza George Mallory wazamutse umusozi yasubije ati ‘Kubera ko ari ho hari. Itsinda ryacu rya 2019 ryari rifite igitekerezo gitandukanye cyane: twagiye kuri Mount Everest kuko yari ifite amakuru menshi kandi yashoboraga kutwigisha isi tubamo.”
Mu gushyira aya makuru ku isoko ryigenga ku muryango w’abashakashatsi, abanditsi bizeye gutanga umusanzu mu bikorwa bikomeje byo kubaka umutungo kamere w’ibinyabuzima mu kwiga no gukurikirana impinduka mu binyabuzima mu misozi miremire cyane ku Isi.
Ingingo yavuzwe: Lim n'abandi, Gukoresha ADN y'ibidukikije mu gusuzuma urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima mu Giti cy'Ubuzima mu majyepfo ya Mount Everest, iScience (2022) Marisa KV Lim, 1Anton Seimon, 2Batya Nightingale, 1Charles SI Xu, 3Stefan RP Holloy, 4Adam J. Solon, 5Nicholas B. Dragon, 5Steven K. Schmidt, 5Alex Tate, 6Sandra Alvin, 6Aurora K. Elmore, 6,7 na Tracey A. Simon1,8,
1 Umuryango wo Kubungabunga Inyamaswa zo mu Ishyamba, Gahunda y'Ubuzima bw'inyamaswa, Bronx Zoo, Bronx, NY 10460, Amerika 2 Kaminuza ya Leta ya Appalachian, Ishami ry'Ubugenge n'Igenamigambi, Boone, NC 28608, Amerika 3 Kaminuza ya McGill, Ishami rya Redpath ry'Ingoro Ndangamurage n'Ubumenyi bw'ibinyabuzima, Montreal, H3A 0G4, KanadaQ94 Ishami ry'Inganda z'Ibanze, Wellington 6011, Nouvelle-Zélande 5 Kaminuza ya Colorado, Ishami ry'Ibidukikije n'Ubumenyi bw'Ihindagurika ry'Ibintu, Boulder, CO 80309, Amerika 6 Umuryango w'Igihugu w'Ubumenyi bw'Ibintu, Washington, DC, 20036, USAQ107 Ubuyobozi bw'Igihugu bw'Inyanja n'Ikirere, Silver- Spring, MD 20910, Amerika 8 Abakuru bo Guhamagara* Itumanaho
Intego: WCS ikiza inyamaswa zo mu gasozi n'inyamaswa zo mu gasozi hirya no hino ku isi binyuze mu bumenyi, imbaraga zo kubungabunga ibidukikije, uburezi no gushishikariza abantu kwishimira ibidukikije. Kugira ngo dusohoze inshingano zacu, WCS ifite icyicaro muri Bronx Zoo, ikoresheje imbaraga zose za gahunda yayo yo kubungabunga ibidukikije ku isi, isurwa buri mwaka n'abantu miliyoni 4 mu bihugu hafi 60 n'inyanja zose z'isi, ndetse na pariki eshanu z'inyamaswa zo mu gasozi i New York. WCS ihuza ubuhanga bwayo mu ma pariki n'amazi yo mu mazi kugira ngo igere ku nshingano zayo zo kubungabunga ibidukikije. Sura: newsroom.wcs.org Kurikira: @WCSNewsroom. Kubindi bisobanuro: 347-840-1242. Umva ikiganiro cya WCS Wild Audio hano.
Nk’ikigo cya leta cya mbere mu majyepfo y’uburasirazuba, Kaminuza ya Leta ya Appalachian itegura abanyeshuri kubaho ubuzima bushimishije nk’abaturage b’isi yose bumva kandi bagafata inshingano zo guhanga ahazaza harambye kuri bose. Ubunararibonye bwa Appalachian buteza imbere umwuka wo gushyira hamwe abantu mu buryo butuma barushaho kugira ubumenyi, bagakura neza, bagakorana ishyaka n’ubushake, kandi bakira ubudasa n’ubusumbane. Appalachians, iherereye mu misozi ya Blue Ridge, ni imwe muri za campus 17 muri gahunda ya Kaminuza ya Carolina y’Amajyaruguru. Ifite abanyeshuri bagera ku 21.000, Kaminuza ya Appalachian ifite igipimo gito cy’abanyeshuri n’abarimu kandi itanga gahunda zisaga 150 za kaminuza n’iza kaminuza.
Ubufatanye bwa National Geographic na Rolex bushyigikira ingendo zo gushakisha ahantu hakomeye cyane ku isi. Hakoreshejwe ubuhanga buzwi ku isi mu bya siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho kugira ngo havumburwe ubumenyi bushya ku buryo bw'ingenzi ku buzima ku Isi, izi ngendo zifasha abahanga mu bya siyansi, abashyiraho politiki n'abaturage bo mu gace batuyemo gutegura no gushaka ibisubizo ku ngaruka z'ikirere n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere. Ibidukikije birimo guhinduka, bivuga ibitangaza by'isi yacu binyuze mu nkuru zikomeye.
Mu gihe cy’imyaka hafi ijana, Rolex yashyigikiye abashakashatsi b’abahizi bashaka kwimura imbibi z’ubushobozi bw’abantu. Iyi sosiyete yavuye mu gushishikariza ubushakashatsi ku kuvumbura ikagera ku kurinda isi binyuze mu gufata icyemezo cy’igihe kirekire cyo gushyigikira abantu ku giti cyabo n’imiryango ikoresha siyansi kugira ngo basobanukirwe kandi bategure ibisubizo by’ibibazo by’ibidukikije biri muri iki gihe.
Ubu bufatanye bwashimangiwe no gutangiza Forever Planet mu 2019, yabanje kwibanda ku bantu bagira uruhare mu gutuma isi iba nziza binyuze mu gihembo cya Rolex Awards for Enterprise, barinda inyanja binyuze mu bufatanye na Mission Blue, kandi bagashyira mu bikorwa imihindagurikire y’ikirere nk’igice cy’umubano wayo na National Geographic Society.
Ubundi bufatanye bwagutse bwafashwe muri gahunda ya Perpetual Planet ubu burimo: ingendo zo mu misozi miremire zisunika imbibi z'ubushakashatsi bwo munsi y'amazi; One Ocean Foundation na Menkab birengera urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima byo mu nyanja ya Mediterane; Xunaan-Ha Expedition igaragaza ubuziranenge bw'amazi muri Yucatan, muri Megizike; urugendo runini muri Arctique mu 2023 rwo gukusanya amakuru ku bibazo bya Arctique; Hearts In The Ice, no gukusanya amakuru ku mihindagurikire y'ikirere muri Arctique; na Monaco Blue Initiative, ihuza impuguke mu bisubizo byo kubungabunga inyanja.
Rolex kandi ishyigikira imiryango n'ibikorwa bifasha abashakashatsi, abahanga mu bya siyansi n'abashinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije binyuze mu ma buruse n'inkunga nka World Underwater Scholarship Association na Rolex Explorers Club Grant.
Umuryango wa National Geographic ni umuryango mpuzamahanga udaharanira inyungu ukoresha imbaraga za siyansi, ubushakashatsi, uburezi, no kuvuga inkuru kugira ngo umurikire kandi urinde ibitangaza by'isi yacu. Kuva mu 1888, National Geographic yakomeje gutera imbere mu bushakashatsi, ishora imari mu mpano zikomeye n'ibitekerezo bihindura ubuzima, itanga inkunga y'akazi irenga 15.000 ku migabane irindwi, igera ku banyeshuri miliyoni 3 buri mwaka mu burezi, kandi ikurura abantu ku isi yose binyuze mu nyandiko, inkuru n'ibirimo. Kugira ngo umenye byinshi, sura www.nationalgeographic.org cyangwa udukurikire kuri Instagram, Twitter na Facebook.
Intego: WCS ikiza inyamaswa zo mu gasozi n'inyamaswa zo mu gasozi hirya no hino ku isi binyuze mu bumenyi, imbaraga zo kubungabunga ibidukikije, uburezi no gushishikariza abantu kwishimira ibidukikije. Ifite icyicaro muri Bronx Zoo, WCS ikoresha imbaraga zose za gahunda yayo yo kubungabunga ibidukikije ku isi kugira ngo igere ku ntego yayo, ikaba isura miliyoni 4 buri mwaka mu bihugu hafi 60 n'inyanja zose zo ku isi, ndetse na pariki eshanu z'inyamaswa zo mu mujyi wa New York. WCS ihuza ubuhanga bwayo mu ma pariki n'amafi yo mu mazi kugira ngo igere ku ntego yayo yo kubungabunga ibidukikije. Sura newsroom.wcs.org. Iyandikishe: @WCSNewsroom. Amakuru y'inyongera: +1 (347) 840-1242.
Umwe mu bashinze SpaceRef, umwe mu bagize itsinda rya Explorers Club, wahoze ari NASA, itsinda ry’abashyitsi, umunyamakuru, umuhanga mu by’ikirere n’umuhanga mu by’ikirere, yananiwe kuzamuka imisozi.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: 10 Nzeri 2022