Asayansi apeza umboni wa ma taxonomic orders 187 m'malita 20 a madzi omwe atengedwa kuchokera ku malo amodzi ovuta kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Gulu la asayansi lotsogozedwa ndi Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) ndi Appalachian State University lagwiritsa ntchito DNA ya chilengedwe (eDNA) kulemba za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya phiri lalitali kwambiri padziko lapansi, phiri la Everest lomwe ndi lalitali mamita 8,849. Ntchito yofunikayi ndi gawo la ulendo wodabwitsa wa 2019 National Geographic ndi Rolex Perpetual Planet Everest, ulendo waukulu kwambiri wasayansi wa Everest.
Polemba za zomwe adapeza mu magazini ya iScience, gululi linasonkhanitsa eDNA kuchokera ku zitsanzo zamadzi kuchokera m'madziwe khumi ndi mitsinje yozama kuyambira mamita 4,500 mpaka mamita 5,500 m'masabata anayi. Malo awa akuphatikizapo madera a alpine belts omwe ali pamwamba pa mzere wa mitengo ndipo ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera ndi zitsamba, komanso ma aeolian belts omwe amapitilira zomera ndi zitsamba zomwe zili m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Anapeza zamoyo zomwe zili m'magulu 187 a taxonomic orders ochokera m'malita 20 okha a madzi, ofanana ndi 16.3%, kapena gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu ndi limodzi, la chiwerengero chonse cha madongosolo odziwika mu Mtengo wa Moyo, mtengo wa banja la zamoyo zosiyanasiyana za Dziko Lapansi.
eDNA imafufuza kuchuluka kwa majini omwe atsala ndi zamoyo ndi nyama zakuthengo ndipo imapereka njira yotsika mtengo, yachangu komanso yokwanira yowongolera luso lofufuzira poyesa zamoyo zosiyanasiyana m'madzi. Zitsanzo zimasonkhanitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito bokosi lotsekedwa lomwe lili ndi fyuluta yomwe imasunga majini, yomwe kenako imafufuzidwa mu labotale pogwiritsa ntchito DNA metabarcoding ndi njira zina zotsatizana. WCS imagwiritsa ntchito eDNA kupeza mitundu yosowa komanso yomwe ili pangozi kuyambira anangumi a humpback mpaka akamba a Swinhoe softshell, amodzi mwa mitundu yosowa kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Mapu otenthetsera a mawerengedwe a mabakiteriya omwe apezeka ndikugawidwa m'magulu motsatira dongosolo la taxonomic pogwiritsa ntchito SingleM ndi database ya Greengenes kuchokera patsamba lililonse.
Ngakhale kuti kafukufuku wa Everest anayang'ana kwambiri pa kuzindikira dongosolo la zamoyo, gululo linatha kuzindikira zamoyo zambiri mpaka pa mtundu kapena mtundu wa zamoyo.
Mwachitsanzo, gululi linapeza mbalame zotchedwa rotifers ndi tardigrades, nyama ziwiri zazing'ono zomwe zimadziwika kuti zimakula bwino m'malo ovuta kwambiri komanso oopsa kwambiri ndipo zimaonedwa kuti ndi zina mwa nyama zolimba kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kuphatikiza apo, adapeza mbalame ya chipale chofewa ya ku Tibet yomwe imapezeka ku Sagarmatha National Park ndipo adadabwa kupeza mitundu monga agalu apakhomo ndi nkhuku zomwe zimayimira momwe zochita za anthu zimakhudzira malo.
Anapezanso mitengo ya paini yomwe imapezeka m'mapiri okhaokha kutali ndi komwe adayesa, kusonyeza momwe mungu wowombedwa ndi mphepo umayendera m'malo otsetsereka amadzi awa. Cholengedwa china chomwe adapeza m'malo angapo chinali mayfly, chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha kusintha kwa chilengedwe.
Zolemba za eDNA zithandiza mtsogolo kuyang'anira zamoyo za mapiri okwera a Himalaya ndi maphunziro a mamolekyu obwerera m'mbuyo kuti aone kusintha kwa zinthu pakapita nthawi pamene kutentha kwa nyengo, kusungunuka kwa madzi oundana komanso momwe anthu amakhudzira zinthu zikusintha chilengedwe chodziwika bwino chomwe chikusintha mofulumira padziko lonse lapansi.
Dr. Tracey Seimon wa WCS Animal Health Program, mtsogoleri wa gulu la Everest Biofield komanso wofufuza wamkulu, anati: “Pali mitundu yambiri ya zamoyo. Malo okhala m’mapiri, kuphatikizapo Phiri la Everest, ayenera kuonedwa kuti ndi ofunika kuyang’aniridwa kwa nthawi yaitali kwa zamoyo za m’mapiri, kuwonjezera pa kuyang’aniridwa kwa zamoyo ndi kusintha kwa nyengo.”
Dr Marisa Lim wa bungwe la Wildlife Conservation Society anati: “Tinapita pamwamba pa dziko lapansi kukafunafuna moyo. Izi ndi zomwe tinapeza. Komabe, nkhaniyi siimatha pamenepo. thandizani kudziwa za nzeru zamtsogolo.”
Woyang'anira kafukufuku wa m'munda, wofufuza wa National Geographic komanso pulofesa wothandizira ku Appalachian State University, Dr. Anton Simon, anati: “Zaka zana zapitazo, atafunsidwa kuti, ‘N’chifukwa chiyani tiyenera kupita ku Everest?’, wokwera phiri waku Britain, George Mallory, anayankha kuti, ‘Chifukwa chinali kumeneko. Gulu lathu la 2019 linali ndi maganizo osiyana kwambiri: tinapita ku Mount Everest chifukwa chinali chothandiza ndipo chingatithandize kudziwa za dziko lomwe tikukhala.”
Mwa kupereka deta yotseguka iyi kwa gulu lofufuza, olembawo akuyembekeza kuthandiza pa ntchito yopitilira yomanga zinthu zamamolekyu kuti aphunzire ndikutsatira kusintha kwa zamoyo zosiyanasiyana m'mapiri okwera kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Nkhani yotchulidwa: Lim et al., Kugwiritsa ntchito DNA ya chilengedwe poyesa zamoyo zosiyanasiyana za Mtengo wa Moyo kum'mwera kwa Mount Everest, iScience (2022) Marisa KV Lim, 1Anton Seimon, 2Batya Nightingale, 1Charles SI Xu, 3Stefan RP Holloy, 4Adam J. Solon, 5Nicholas B. Dragon, 5Steven K. Schmidt, 5Alex Tate, 6Sandra Alvin, 6Aurora K. Elmore, 6,7 ndi Tracey A. Simon1,8,
1 Bungwe Loteteza Zinyama Zakuthengo, Pulogalamu ya Zaumoyo wa Zoological, Bronx Zoo, Bronx, NY 10460, USA 2 Appalachian State University, Dipatimenti ya Geography ndi Planning, Boone, NC 28608, USA 3 Yunivesite ya McGill, Dipatimenti ya Redpath ya Nyumba Zosungiramo Zinthu Zakale ndi Zamoyo, Montreal, H3A 0G4, CanadaQ94 Dipatimenti ya Makampani Oyamba, Wellington 6011, New Zealand 5 Yunivesite ya Colorado, Dipatimenti ya Zachilengedwe ndi Zamoyo Zachilengedwe, Boulder, CO 80309, USA 6 National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, 20036, USAQ107 Kasamalidwe ka Dziko la Nyanja ndi Zam'mlengalenga, Silver- Spring, MD 20910, USA 8 Kulumikizana ndi Mtsogoleri* Kulankhulana
Cholinga: WCS imapulumutsa nyama zakuthengo ndi nyama zakuthengo padziko lonse lapansi kudzera mu sayansi, khama loteteza zachilengedwe, maphunziro ndi kulimbikitsa anthu kuyamikira chilengedwe. Kuti tikwaniritse cholinga chathu, WCS ili ku Bronx Zoo, pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zonse za pulogalamu yake yoteteza zachilengedwe padziko lonse lapansi, yomwe imachezeredwa chaka chilichonse ndi anthu 4 miliyoni m'maiko pafupifupi 60 ndi nyanja zonse zapadziko lonse lapansi, komanso mapaki asanu a nyama zakuthengo ku New York. WCS imabweretsa pamodzi ukatswiri wake m'malo osungira nyama ndi m'madzi a m'nyanja kuti ikwaniritse cholinga chake choteteza zachilengedwe. Pitani ku: newsroom.wcs.org Tsatirani: @WCSNewsroom. Kuti mudziwe zambiri: 347-840-1242. Mvetserani podcast ya WCS Wild Audio apa.
Monga bungwe lotsogola la boma kum'mwera chakum'mawa, Appalachian State University imakonzekeretsa ophunzira kukhala ndi moyo wokhutiritsa monga nzika zapadziko lonse lapansi zomwe zimamvetsetsa ndikutenga udindo wopanga tsogolo lokhazikika kwa onse. Chidziwitso cha Appalachian chimalimbikitsa mzimu wophatikizana mwa kusonkhanitsa anthu pamodzi m'njira zolimbikitsa zopezera ndi kupanga chidziwitso, kukula mokwanira, kuchita zinthu mwachidwi komanso kutsimikiza mtima, ndikulandira kusiyanasiyana ndi kusiyana. Appalachians, yomwe ili m'mapiri a Blue Ridge, ndi imodzi mwa masukulu 17 mu dongosolo la University of North Carolina. Ndi ophunzira pafupifupi 21,000, Appalachian University ili ndi chiŵerengero chochepa cha ophunzira pakati pa aphunzitsi ndipo imapereka mapulogalamu opitilira 150 a digiri yoyamba ndi omaliza maphunziro.
Mgwirizano wa National Geographic ndi Rolex umathandizira maulendo ofufuza malo ofunikira kwambiri padziko lapansi. Pogwiritsa ntchito ukatswiri wodziwika bwino wa sayansi komanso ukadaulo wapamwamba kuti apeze chidziwitso chatsopano cha machitidwe ofunikira kwambiri pa moyo padziko lapansi, maulendowa amathandiza asayansi, opanga mfundo ndi madera am'deralo kukonzekera ndikupeza mayankho a zovuta za nyengo ndi nyengo. Chilengedwe chikusintha, kufotokoza zodabwitsa za dziko lathu kudzera m'nkhani zamphamvu.
Kwa zaka pafupifupi zana, Rolex yathandiza ofufuza oyambilira omwe akufuna kupititsa patsogolo kuthekera kwa anthu. Kampaniyo yasintha kuchoka pa kulimbikitsa kafukufuku wofufuza zinthu zatsopano kupita ku kuteteza dziko lapansi mwa kupanga kudzipereka kwanthawi yayitali pothandiza anthu ndi mabungwe omwe amagwiritsa ntchito sayansi kumvetsetsa ndikupanga mayankho a mavuto azachilengedwe a masiku ano.
Kugwirizana kumeneku kunalimbikitsidwa ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa Forever Planet mu 2019, komwe poyamba kunayang'ana kwambiri anthu omwe amathandizira kuti dziko likhale labwino kudzera mu Rolex Awards for Enterprise, kuteteza nyanja kudzera mu mgwirizano ndi Mission Blue, ndikupangitsa kusintha kwa nyengo kukhala chenicheni.
Magulu ena owonjezera a mgwirizano omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pa Perpetual Planet tsopano akuphatikizapo: maulendo akumaloko omwe amakankhira malire a kufufuza pansi pa madzi; One Ocean Foundation ndi Menkab kuteteza zamoyo zosiyanasiyana za m'nyanja ya Mediterranean; Xunaan-Ha Expedition yomwe ikuwonetsa ubwino wa madzi ku Yucatan, Mexico; Ulendo waukulu wopita ku Arctic mu 2023 kukasonkhanitsa deta yokhudza zoopsa za Arctic; Hearts In The Ice, komanso kusonkhanitsa chidziwitso chokhudza kusintha kwa nyengo ku Arctic; ndi Monaco Blue Initiative, yomwe imabweretsa pamodzi akatswiri pankhani zosamalira za m'nyanja.
Rolex imathandizanso mabungwe ndi mapulani omwe amasamalira mbadwo wotsatira wa ofufuza, asayansi ndi oteteza zachilengedwe kudzera mu maphunziro ndi ndalama zothandizira monga World Underwater Scholarship Association ndi Rolex Explorers Club Grant.
Bungwe la National Geographic Society ndi bungwe lopanda phindu padziko lonse lapansi lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya sayansi, kafukufuku, maphunziro, ndi nkhani kuti liunikire ndikuteteza zodabwitsa za dziko lathu. Kuyambira mu 1888, National Geographic yakhala ikukankhira malire a kafukufuku, kuyika ndalama mu luso lolimba mtima ndi malingaliro osintha, kupereka ndalama zothandizira ntchito zoposa 15,000 m'makontinenti asanu ndi awiri, kufikira ophunzira 3 miliyoni pachaka ndi zopereka zamaphunziro, ndikukopa chidwi cha dziko lonse lapansi kudzera m'ma signature. , nkhani ndi zomwe zili mkati. Kuti mudziwe zambiri, pitani ku www.nationalgeographic.org kapena mutitsatire pa Instagram, Twitter ndi Facebook.
Cholinga: WCS imapulumutsa nyama zakuthengo ndi nyama zakuthengo padziko lonse lapansi kudzera mu sayansi, khama loteteza zachilengedwe, maphunziro ndi kulimbikitsa anthu kuyamikira chilengedwe. Yochokera ku Bronx Zoo, WCS imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zonse za pulogalamu yake yoteteza zachilengedwe padziko lonse lapansi kuti ikwaniritse cholinga chake, ndi alendo 4 miliyoni pachaka m'maiko pafupifupi 60 ndi nyanja zonse zapadziko lonse lapansi, komanso mapaki asanu a nyama zakuthengo ku New York City. WCS imabweretsa pamodzi ukatswiri wake m'malo osungira nyama ndi m'madzi amchere kuti ikwaniritse cholinga chake choteteza zachilengedwe. Pitani ku newsroom.wcs.org. Lembetsani: @WCSNewsroom. Zambiri zowonjezera: +1 (347) 840-1242.
Woyambitsa nawo SpaceRef, membala wa Explorers Club, wakale wa NASA, gulu loyendera, mtolankhani, katswiri wa zakuthambo komanso wa zakuthambo, adalephera kukwera phiri.
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-10-2022