I roto i tētahi rangahau (nā tētahi kamupene tātari wai i whakahaere) i whakatau tata ki te 77% o ngā Amerikana e whakamahi ana i tētahi pūnaha tātari wai kāinga. E matapaetia ana ka piki te mākete horoi wai o Amerika (2021) mā te $5.85 piriona ia tau. Nā te nui o te ōrau o ngā Amerikana e whakamahi ana i ngā tātari wai[1], me aro nui ake ki ngā raruraru hauora ka puta mai i te kore whakakapi i tō tātari wai.
Ngā Momo Pūnaha Tātari Wai Kāinga
E whakaarohia ana ngā pūnaha tuatahi e whā e whakamahi ana i ngā pūnaha maimoatanga pūwāhi nā te mea ka tukatukahia te wai i roto i ngā puranga, ka haria ki te pūwero kotahi. He rerekē, ko te pūnaha whare katoa e kiia ana he pūnaha maimoatanga pūwāhi tomokanga, e whakahaere ana i te nuinga o te wai e tomo ana ki te whare.
Me whai tātari wai koe?
Ko te nuinga o te iwi e hoko ana i ngā tātari wai nā te mea e āwangawanga ana rātou mō te reka, mō te haunga rānei, nā te mea rānei kei roto i aua tātari he matū kino ki te hauora, pērā i te mata.
Ko te taahiraa tuatahi ki te whakatau mēnā e hiahiatia ana he tātari wai ko te kimi i tētahi puna wai inu. Mena kei te pūtake mai tō wai inu i tētahi pūnaha tuku wai tūmatanui reo-rahi, nui rānei, kāore pea koe e hiahia ki tētahi tātari wai. E ai ki taku i tuhituhi ai i mua, ko te nuinga o ngā pūnaha tuku wai nui me te reo-rahi e tino tutuki ana i ngā ture wai inu a te EPA. Ko te nuinga o ngā raruraru wai inu ka puta i roto i ngā pūnaha tuku wai iti me ngā puna tūmataiti.
Mena he raruraru reka, he raruraru haunga rānei kei roto i tō wai inu, he raruraru kei roto i ngā paipa wai o tō whare, kei roto rānei i te kamupene wai? Mena ka puta te raruraru i ētahi taputapu anake, tera pea ko te paipa wai o tō whare; Mena ka puta tēnei āhuatanga puta noa i te whānau katoa, tera pea nā tō kamupene wai i puta – whakapā atu ki a rātou, ki tō tari hauora tūmatanui rānei o te rohe.
Ko te rongo pai, ko ēnei raruraru reka me te haunga kāore e puta he raruraru hauora. Heoi, kāore tetahi e pai ki te inu wai he reka kino, he haunga kino rānei, ā, he tino āwhina ngā tātari wai ki te whakaoti i ēnei raruraru.
Ko ētahi o ngā raruraru reka me te kakara e tino kitea ana i roto i te wai inu ko:
- Te kakara konganuku – i te nuinga o te wā ka puta mai i te mimiti o te rino, te parahi rānei mai i ngā paipa
- Te reka, te kakara rānei o te haukini, te "matū" rānei – ko te taunekeneke i waenga i te haukini me ngā matū waro i roto i ngā pūnaha paipa.
- Te kakara o te whanariki, te hua pirau rānei – nō te hauwai whanariki tūturu i roto i te wai whenua
- Haunga pokepokea ai, haunga ika rānei – i te nuinga o te wā ka puta mai i ngā huakita e tipu ana i roto i ngā paipa waikeri totohu, i ngā tipu, i ngā kararehe, i ngā huakita tūturu rānei i roto i ngā roto me ngā puna wai.
- Te reka tote – i te nuinga o te wā ka puta mai i te nui o te konutai, te konupora, te pāhare pāporo rānei.
Ko te tuarua o ngā take e hoko ai te tangata i ngā tātari wai he āwangawanga mō ngā matū kino. Ahakoa e whakahaeretia ana e te EPA ngā poke e 90 i roto i ngā pūnaha tuku wai tūmatanui, he tokomaha te hunga kāore e whakapono ka taea te inu haumaru i ō rātou wai me te kore he tātari. E kī ana tētahi pūrongo rangahau e whakapono ana te iwi he pai ake te hauora o te wai tātari (42%), he pai ake rānei ki te taiao (41%), kāore rānei e whakapono ki te kounga o te wai (37%).
raruraru hauora
Ko te kore whakakapi i te tātari wai ka nui ake ngā raruraru hauora e puta mai ana i te kore e whakatau
Ka puta tēnei āhuatanga nā te mea ki te kore te tātari e whakakapia i ia wā, ka tipu, ka maha haere ngā huakita kino me ētahi atu moroiti. Ina purua ngā tātari, ka pakaru pea, ka piki ake te maha o ngā huakita me ngā matū e uru ana ki roto i te puna wai o tō whare. Ka pā kino te tipu nui o ngā huakita kino ki tō hauora, ka pāngia hoki tō pūnaha gastrointestinal, tae atu ki te ruaki me te mate korere.
Ka taea e ngā tātari wai te tango i ngā matū pai me ngā matū kino
Kāore e taea e ngā tātari wai te wehewehe i waenga i ngā matū he mea nui ki te hauora (pēnei i te konupūmā, te konupora, te iodine, me te pāhare pāporo) me ngā matū kino (pēnei i te mata me te cadmium).
Nā te mea ko te whakamahi i te tātari wai hei tango i ngā matū e ahu mai ana i te rahi o ngā pūwero o te tātari, arā, te rahi o te kōhao iti e haere ai te wai. Whakaarohia he tātari, he pūnu rānei e turuturu ana. Ko te iti o ngā pūwero, ko te iti o ngā poke e āraihia ana e rātou. Hei tauira, ko te rahi o te pūwero o te tātari waro whakahohe me te tātari tātari moroiti he tata ki te 0.1 maikiromita [2]; ko te rahi o te pūwero o te tātari osmosis whakamuri he tata ki te 0.0001 maikiromita, ka taea te ārai i ngā matū he iti ake i ngā tātari waro.
Ka taea e ngā tātari te aukati i ngā matū katoa o te rahi rite, ahakoa he mea nui, he mea kino rānei ki te hauora. Kua noho tēnei hei raruraru i ngā whenua pēnei i a Iharaira, e whakamahia whānuitia ana te tango tote i te wai moana hei wai inu. Ka whakamahia e te tango tote i te wai moana he pūnaha osmosis whakamuri hei tango i te tote mai i te wai, engari hei tāpiri atu ki te tote, ka tangohia hoki e ia ngā huānga nui e whā: te fluoride, te konupūmā, te iodine, me te konupora. Nā te whānui o te whakamahinga o te tango tote i te wai moana, ka aro nui a Iharaira ki te korenga o te iodine me te korenga o te konupora i roto i te taupori. Ka arahi pea te korenga o te iodine ki te ngoikore o te tairoi, ko te korenga o te konupora e pā ana ki te mate ngakau me te mate huka momo 2.
He aha ngā mea e hiahia ana ngā kaihoko ki te mahi?
Kāore he whakautu mō te pātai mehemea me hoko he tātari wai. He kōwhiringa whaiaro tēnei, kei runga i te āhuatanga o tō whānau. Ko ngā take nui rawa atu i te ako i ngā tātari wai o te whare ko te momo tātari, te rahi o ngā pūwero, me te tango i ngā poke motuhake.
Ko ngā momo matua o ngā tātari wai ko:
Waro whakahohe – koinei te momo tino noa nā te iti o te utu me te tere mimiti tere. He pai mō te tango i te mata, te mercury, me te chlorine, engari kāore e taea te tango i te nitrate, te arsenic, ngā konganuku taumaha, me te maha o ngā huakita.
- Te osmosis whakamuri – te whakamahi i te pēhanga hei tango i ngā poke mā roto i tētahi kiriuhi haurua-permeable. He matatau ki te tango i ngā matū me ngā huakita maha.
- Te tātaritanga tino-rahi – He rite ki te osmosis whakamuri, engari kāore e hiahiatia he pūngao hei mahi. He nui ake ngā matū ka tangohia e ia i te osmosis whakamuri.
- Te whakahoro wai – te whakamahana i te wai kia koropupū, kātahi ka kohia te mamaoa wai i te wā e whakatōtō ana. He pai mō te tango i te nuinga o ngā matū me ngā huakita.
- Ngā tātari whakawhiti katote – ka whakamahia ngā kapia kei roto ngā katote hauwai kua whakakīia pai hei kukume i ngā poke – hei whakangawari i te wai (te tango i te konupūmā, te konupora, me ētahi atu kohuke mai i te wai, me te whakakapi ki te konutai).
- Irahiko UV – Ka taea e te mārama kaha te tango i ngā huakita, engari kāore e taea te tango i ngā matū.
Mena kei te whakaaro koe ki te hoko i tētahi tātari wai, ka taea e koe te whakamahi i ētahi rauemi pai:
- Mō ētahi atu pārongo whānui, tirohia te paetukutuku a te CDC
- Ngā mōhiotanga mō ngā momo tātari wai rerekē
- Whakatauranga hua
- Te tiwhikete hua e te National Health Foundation (NSF), he whakahaere motuhake e whakatakoto ana i ngā paerewa hauora tūmatanui mō ngā hua
Mena kua hokona e koe tētahi tātari wai, kua whakamahia kētia rānei e koe tētahi, kia mahara ki te whakakapi!
Wā tuku: Oketopa-17-2023