Ua ʻike nā kānaka ʻepekema i nā hōʻike o 187 mau kauoha taxonomic i loko o 20 lita o ka wai i hōʻiliʻili ʻia mai kekahi o nā wahi ʻino loa ma ka Honua.
Ua hoʻohana kahi hui o nā kānaka ʻepekema i alakaʻi ʻia e ka Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) a me ke Kulanui ʻo Appalachian State i ka DNA kaiapuni (eDNA) e palapala i ka biodiversity alpine o ka mauna kiʻekiʻe loa ma ka honua, ʻo ka Mount Everest he 29,032 kapuaʻi (8,849 mika) ka laulā. ʻO kēia hana koʻikoʻi he ʻāpana ia o ka 2019 National Geographic a me Rolex Perpetual Planet Everest Expedition groundbreaking, ʻo ia ka huakaʻi ʻepekema Everest nui loa.
Ma ke kākau ʻana e pili ana i kā lākou mau ʻike ma ka puke pai ʻo iScience, ua hōʻiliʻili ka hui i ka eDNA mai nā hāpana wai mai nā loko he ʻumi a me nā kahawai ma nā hohonu mai 14,763 kapuaʻi (4,500 mika) a i 18,044 kapuaʻi (5,500 mika) ma luna o ʻehā pule. Aia i loko o kēia mau wahi nā wahi o nā kāʻei alpine e kū nei ma luna o ka laina lāʻau a loaʻa i nā ʻano mea kanu pua a me nā ʻano lāʻau liʻiliʻi, a me nā kāʻei aeolian e ʻoi aku ana ma mua o nā mea kanu pua a me nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi ma uka o ka biosphere. Ua ʻike lākou i nā meaola e pili ana i 187 mau kauoha taxonomic mai 20 lita wale nō o ka wai, e like me 16.3%, a i ʻole hoʻokahi hapaono, o ka huina o nā kauoha i ʻike ʻia ma ka Lāʻau o ke Ola, ka lāʻau ʻohana o ka biodiversity o ka Honua.
Ke ʻimi nei ʻo eDNA i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o nā mea genetic i waiho ʻia e nā meaola a me nā holoholona hihiu a hāʻawi i kahi ʻano hana ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi, wikiwiki a piha hoʻi e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā hiki noiʻi no ka loiloi ʻana i ka biodiversity i loko o ke kaiapuni wai. Hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā laʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi pahu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me kahi kānana e hoʻopaʻa ana i nā mea genetic, a laila kālailai ʻia i loko o kahi keʻena hoʻokolohua me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka DNA metabarcoding a me nā ʻano hana sequencing ʻē aʻe. Hoʻohana ʻo WCS i ka eDNA e ʻike i nā ʻano laha ʻole a me nā mea i hoʻopau ʻia mai nā kohola humpback a i nā honu palupalu Swinhoe, kekahi o nā ʻano laha ʻole ma ka Honua.
Palapala ʻāina wela o nā heluhelu moʻo o nā bacteria i ʻike ʻia a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma ke kaʻina taxonomic me ka hoʻohana ʻana iā SingleM a me ka ʻikepili Greengenes mai kēlā me kēia wahi.
ʻOiai ua kālele ka noiʻi a Everest i ka ʻike ʻana i ka pae kauoha, ua hiki i ka hui ke ʻike i nā meaola he nui a hiki i ka pae genus a i ʻole nā ʻano.
Eia kekahi laʻana, ua ʻike ka hui i nā rotifers a me nā tardigrades, ʻelua mau holoholona liʻiliʻi i ʻike ʻia e ulu maikaʻi i kekahi o nā wahi ʻino loa a koʻikoʻi loa a ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā holoholona kūpaʻa loa i ʻike ʻia ma ka Honua. Eia kekahi, ua ʻike lākou i ka moa hau Tibetan i loaʻa ma ka Sagarmatha National Park a ua kāhāhā lākou i ka ʻike ʻana i nā ʻano e like me nā ʻīlio home a me nā moa e hōʻike ana i ka hopena o nā hana a ke kanaka ma ka ʻāina.
Ua loaʻa pū iā lākou nā lāʻau paina i hiki ke loaʻa wale ma nā ʻaoʻao o nā puʻu i kahi mamao loa mai kahi a lākou i laʻana ai, e hōʻike ana pehea e hele ai ka pollen i puhi ʻia e ka makani i luna i loko o kēia mau kahawai. ʻO kekahi mea ola a lākou i loaʻa ai ma kekahi mau wahi, ʻo ia ka mayfly, he hōʻailona kaulana o ka loli o ke kaiapuni.
E kōkua ka papa inoa eDNA i ka biomonitoring o nā Himalayas kiʻekiʻe i ka wā e hiki mai ana a me nā haʻawina molekala retrospective e loiloi i nā loli i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa e like me ka hoʻomehana ʻana i hoʻoulu ʻia e ke aniau, ka heheʻe ʻana o ka glacier a me nā hopena o ke kanaka e hoʻololi nei i kēia ʻōnaehana ola honua kaulana a loli wikiwiki.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Kauka Tracey Seimon o ka WCS Animal Health Program, ke alakaʻi pū o ka hui Everest Biofield a me ke alakaʻi noiʻi, "Nui nā ʻano like ʻole o ke ola. Pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ke kaiapuni alpine, me ka Mount Everest, he kumuhana ia no ka nānā mau ʻana i ka ʻano like ʻole o ke ola alpine no ka manawa lōʻihi, me ka nānā ʻana i ka bioclimatic a me ka loiloi hopena o ka loli o ke aniau."
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Kauka Marisa Lim o ka Wildlife Conservation Society: "Ua hele mākou i ka hale o ka honua e ʻimi i ke ola. Eia ka mea a mākou i loaʻa ai. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i pau ka moʻolelo ma laila. e kōkua i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka ʻike o ka wā e hiki mai ana."
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Kauka Anton Simon, ka luna hoʻokele noiʻi kahua, ka mea noiʻi National Geographic a me ke Polopeka Hoa ma ke Kulanui ʻo Appalachian State: "I hoʻokahi kenekulia i hala aku nei, i ka wā i nīnau ʻia ai, 'No ke aha e hele ai i Everest?', ua pane mai ka mea piʻi Pelekane ʻo George Mallory, 'No ka mea, aia ma laila. He manaʻo ʻokoʻa loa ko kā mākou hui 2019: ua hele mākou i ka mauna ʻo Everest no ka mea he ʻike ia a hiki ke aʻo iā mākou e pili ana i ke ao a mākou e noho nei."
Ma ka hoʻolako ʻana i kēia ʻikepili kumu wehe i ke kaiāulu noiʻi, ke manaʻolana nei nā mea kākau e hāʻawi i ka hoʻoikaika mau ʻana e kūkulu i nā kumuwaiwai molekala e aʻo a hahai i nā loli o ka biodiversity ma nā mauna kiʻekiʻe loa o ka Honua.
Kuhikuhi ʻatikala: Lim et al., Ke hoʻohana nei i ka DNA kaiapuni e loiloi i ka biodiversity o ka Lāʻau o ke Ola ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka mauna ʻo Everest, iScience (2022) Marisa KV Lim, 1Anton Seimon, 2Batya Nightingale, 1Charles SI Xu, 3Stefan RP Holloy, 4Adam J. Solon, 5Nicholas B. Dragon, 5Steven K. Schmidt, 5Alex Tate, 6Sandra Alvin, 6Aurora K. Elmore,6,7 a me Tracey A. Simon1,8,
1 ʻAhahui Mālama Holoholona, Polokalamu Ola Zoological, Bronx Zoo, Bronx, NY 10460, USA 2 Ke Kulanui ʻo Appalachian State, Keʻena o ka Honua a me ka Hoʻolālā, Boone, NC 28608, USA 3 Ke Kulanui ʻo McGill, Redpath Keʻena o nā Hale Hōʻikeʻike a me ka Biology, Montreal, H3A 0G4, KanadaQ94 Keʻena o nā ʻOihana Mua, Wellington 6011, Aotearoa 5 Ke Kulanui o Colorado, Keʻena o ka Ecology a me ka Evolutionary Biology, Boulder, CO 80309, USA 6 National Geographic Society, Wakinekona, DC, 20036, USAQ107 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver-Spring, MD 20910, USA 8 Hoʻokaʻaʻike Alakaʻi* Nā Kamaʻilio
Misiona: Hoʻopakele ʻo WCS i nā holoholona hihiu a me nā holoholona hihiu a puni ka honua ma o ka ʻepekema, nā hana mālama, ka hoʻonaʻauao a me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā kānaka e mahalo i ke kūlohelohe. No ka hoʻokō ʻana i kā mākou misionari, aia ʻo WCS ma ka Bronx Zoo, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana piha o kāna papahana mālama honua, kahi i kipa ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki e 4 miliona mau kānaka ma kahi o 60 mau ʻāina a me nā moana āpau o ka honua, a me ʻelima mau paka holoholona hihiu ma New York. Hoʻohui ʻo WCS i kona ʻike loea i nā zoos a me nā aquarium e hoʻokō i kāna misionari mālama. E kipa: newsroom.wcs.org E hahai: @WCSNewsroom. No ka ʻike hou aku: 347-840-1242. E hoʻolohe i ka podcast WCS Wild Audio ma aneʻi.
Ma ke ʻano he ʻoihana aupuni koʻikoʻi ma ka Hikina Hema, hoʻomākaukau ke Kulanui ʻo Appalachian State i nā haumāna e ola i nā ola piha ma ke ʻano he kamaʻāina honua e hoʻomaopopo a lawe i ke kuleana no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi wā e hiki mai ana no nā mea āpau. Hāpai ka ʻike Appalachian i ka ʻuhane o ka hoʻokomo ʻana ma ka lawe pū ʻana i nā kānaka ma nā ʻano hoʻoikaika e loaʻa a hoʻokumu i ka ʻike, ulu holoʻokoʻa, hana me ke kuko a me ka hoʻoholo paʻa, a apo i ka ʻokoʻa a me ka ʻokoʻa. ʻO nā Appalachians, aia ma nā Blue Ridge Mountains, kekahi o nā kahua kula he 17 ma ka ʻōnaehana o ke Kulanui o North Carolina. Me kahi kokoke i 21,000 mau haumāna, he haʻahaʻa ka lakio haumāna-kumu o ke Kulanui ʻo Appalachian a hāʻawi aku ma mua o 150 mau papahana lae pua a me nā papahana puka.
Kākoʻo ka hui pū ʻana o National Geographic me Rolex i nā huakaʻi e ʻimi i nā wahi koʻikoʻi loa o ka honua. Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻike loea ʻepekema kaulana o ka honua a me ka ʻenehana holomua e wehe i nā ʻike hou i nā ʻōnaehana koʻikoʻi i ke ola ma ka Honua, kōkua kēia mau huakaʻi i nā kānaka ʻepekema, nā mea hoʻokumu kulekele a me nā kaiāulu kūloko e hoʻolālā a loaʻa nā hopena i ke aniau a me nā hopena o ke aniau. Ke loli nei ke kaiapuni, e haʻi ana i nā mea kupanaha o ko kākou honua ma o nā moʻolelo ikaika.
No kahi kokoke i hoʻokahi kenekulia, ua kākoʻo ʻo Rolex i nā mea ʻimi honua paionia e ʻimi nei e hoʻokuke i nā palena o ka hiki ke kanaka. Ua neʻe ka hui mai ke kākoʻo ʻana i ka noiʻi no ka ʻike ʻana i ka pale ʻana i ka honua ma o ka hana ʻana i kahi kūpaʻa lōʻihi e kākoʻo i nā kānaka a me nā hui e hoʻohana ana i ka ʻepekema e hoʻomaopopo a hoʻomohala i nā hopena i nā pilikia kaiapuni o kēia wā.
Ua hoʻoikaika ʻia kēia hana me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Forever Planet i ka makahiki 2019, kahi i kālele mua ʻia ma luna o ka poʻe e hāʻawi ana i kahi honua maikaʻi aʻe ma o nā Rolex Awards for Enterprise, e pale i nā moana ma o ka launa pū ʻana me Mission Blue, a e hoʻolilo i ka loli o ke aniau i mea maoli. ua hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo ia he ʻāpana o kona pilina me ka National Geographic Society.
ʻO ka waihona hoʻonui o nā hui ʻē aʻe i lawe ʻia ma lalo o ka hana Perpetual Planet i kēia manawa e komo pū ana: nā huakaʻi polar e hoʻokuke i nā palena o ka ʻimi ʻana ma lalo o ka wai; ʻO One Ocean Foundation lāua ʻo Menkab e pale ana i ka biodiversity cetacean ma ke Kaiwaenahonua; ʻO Xunaan-Ha Expedition e hōʻike ana i ka maikaʻi o ka wai ma Yucatan, Mekiko; He huakaʻi nui i ka Arctic i ka makahiki 2023 e hōʻiliʻili i ka ʻikepili ma nā hoʻoweliweli Arctic; ʻO Hearts In The Ice, e hōʻiliʻili pū i ka ʻike e pili ana i ka loli o ke aniau ma ka Arctic; a me ka Monaco Blue Initiative, e hoʻohui pū ana i nā loea i nā hoʻonā mālama kai.
Kākoʻo pū ʻo Rolex i nā hui a me nā hana e hānai ana i ka hanauna hou o nā mea ʻimi honua, nā kānaka ʻepekema a me nā mea mālama honua ma o nā haʻawina hoʻonaʻauao a me nā haʻawina e like me ka World Underwater Scholarship Association a me ka Rolex Explorers Club Grant.
He hui waiwai ʻole ka National Geographic Society e hoʻohana ana i ka mana o ka ʻepekema, ka noiʻi, ka hoʻonaʻauao, a me ka haʻi moʻolelo e hoʻomālamalama a pale i nā mea kupanaha o ko kākou honua. Mai ka makahiki 1888, ua hoʻokuke aku ʻo National Geographic i nā palena o ka noiʻi, e hoʻopukapuka ana i nā talena wiwo ʻole a me nā manaʻo hoʻololi, e hāʻawi ana i nā haʻawina hana ma mua o 15,000 ma nā ʻāina ʻehiku, e hōʻea ana i 3 miliona mau haumāna i kēlā me kēia makahiki me nā hāʻawi hoʻonaʻauao, a hopu i ka manaʻo o ka honua ma o nā pūlima. , nā moʻolelo a me nā ʻike. No ka ʻike hou aku, e kipa iā www.nationalgeographic.org a i ʻole e hahai mai iā mākou ma Instagram, Twitter a me Facebook.
Misiona: Hoʻopakele ʻo WCS i nā holoholona hihiu a me nā holoholona hihiu a puni ka honua ma o ka ʻepekema, nā hana mālama, ka hoʻonaʻauao a me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā kānaka e mahalo i ke kūlohelohe. Aia ma ka Bronx Zoo, hoʻohana ʻo WCS i ka mana piha o kāna papahana mālama honua e hoʻokō i kāna misionari, me 4 miliona mau malihini kipa i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma kahi o 60 mau ʻāina a me nā moana āpau o ka honua, a me ʻelima mau paka holoholona hihiu ma New York City. Hoʻohui ʻo WCS i kona ʻike loea i nā zoos a me nā aquarium e hoʻokō i kāna misionari mālama. E kipa i ka newsroom.wcs.org. E kākau inoa: @WCSNewsroom. ʻIke hou aku: +1 (347) 840-1242.
ʻO ka mea hoʻokumu pū o SpaceRef, lālā o ka Explorers Club, ma mua o NASA, hui kipa, mea kākau moʻolelo, mea ʻimi honua a me ka ʻike hōkū, he mea piʻi piʻi ʻole.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Sep-10-2022