Ua manaʻo ʻia kekahi noiʻi (i mālama ʻia e kahi hui kānana wai) ma kahi o 77% o nā ʻAmelika e hoʻohana ana i kahi ʻōnaehana kānana wai home. Manaʻo ʻia e ulu ka mākeke hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai US (2021) ma $5.85 biliona i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Me ka nui o ka pakeneka o nā ʻAmelika e hoʻohana ana i nā kānana wai[1], pono e uku nui ʻia ka nānā ʻana i nā pilikia olakino e kū mai ana mai ka hoʻololi ʻole ʻana i kāu kānana wai.
Nā ʻAno o nā ʻŌnaehana Kānana Wai Home
Ua manaʻo ʻia nā ʻōnaehana ʻehā mua e hoʻohana i nā ʻōnaehana mālama kiko no ka mea hana lākou i ka wai ma nā ʻāpana a lawe iā ia i hoʻokahi faucet. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ua manaʻo ʻia ka ʻōnaehana hale holoʻokoʻa he ʻōnaehana mālama kiko komo, kahi e mālama pinepine ai i ka hapa nui o ka wai e komo ana i ka hale.
Pono ʻoe i kahi kānana wai?
Kūʻai ka hapa nui o ka poʻe i nā kānana wai no ka mea hopohopo lākou e pili ana i ka ʻono a i ʻole ke ʻala, a no ka mea paha he mau kemika ʻino i ke olakino, e like me ke kēpau.
ʻO ka hana mua i ka hoʻoholo ʻana inā pono kahi kānana wai, ʻo ia ka ʻimi ʻana i kahi kumu wai inu. Inā hele mai kāu wai inu mai kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻolako wai lehulehu waena a nui, ʻaʻole paha ʻoe e pono i kahi kānana wai. E like me kaʻu i kākau ai ma mua, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻōnaehana hoʻolako wai nui a waena e hoʻokō maikaʻi loa i nā lula wai inu EPA. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā pilikia wai inu e kū mai ana ma nā ʻōnaehana hoʻolako wai liʻiliʻi a me nā luawai pilikino.
Inā he pilikia ʻono a ʻala paha me kāu wai inu, he pilikia anei ia me ka paipu wai o kāu home a i ʻole ka ʻoihana wai? Inā loaʻa ka pilikia ma kekahi mau faucets wale nō, ʻo ia paha kāu pipeline home; Inā loaʻa kēia kūlana ma loko o ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa, hiki ke kumu ʻia e kāu ʻoihana wai - e ʻoluʻolu e kelepona iā lākou a i ʻole kāu keʻena olakino lehulehu kūloko.
ʻO ka nūhou maikaʻi, ʻo kēia mau pilikia ʻono a me ke ʻala ʻaʻole ia he kumu o nā pilikia olakino. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻohe mea makemake e inu i ka wai me ka ʻono ʻino a i ʻole ke ʻala ʻino, a hiki i nā kānana wai ke kōkua nui i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kēia mau pilikia.
ʻO kekahi o nā pilikia maʻamau o ka ʻono a me ke ʻala i ka wai inu:
- ʻAla metala - i hana pinepine ʻia e ka leaching o ka hao a i ʻole ke keleawe mai nā paipu
- ʻO ka ʻono a i ʻole ke ʻala "kemika" o ka chlorine - ʻo ia hoʻi ka pilina ma waena o ka chlorine a me nā hui organik i loko o nā ʻōnaehana pipeline
- ʻAla sulfur a hua pala paha - maʻamau mai ka hydrogen sulfide kūlohelohe i loko o ka wai honua
- ʻAla ʻōpala a iʻa paha - i hoʻokumu pinepine ʻia e ka bacteria e ulu ana i loko o nā paipu hoʻokahe wai, nā mea kanu, nā holoholona, a i ʻole nā bacteria kūlohelohe i loko o nā loko a me nā waihona wai
- ʻOno paʻakai - maʻamau i loaʻa i nā pae kiʻekiʻe o ka sodium, magnesium, a i ʻole potassium maoli.
ʻO ke kumu ʻelua e kūʻai ai ka poʻe i nā kānana wai ma muli o ka hopohopo e pili ana i nā kemika ʻino. ʻOiai ke hoʻoponopono nei ka EPA i 90 mau mea haumia i loko o nā ʻōnaehana hoʻolako wai lehulehu, ʻaʻole manaʻoʻiʻo ka nui o ka poʻe hiki ke inu palekana ʻia ko lākou wai me ka ʻole o nā kānana. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia kahi hōʻike noiʻi e manaʻoʻiʻo ana ka poʻe he olakino ka wai i kānana ʻia (42%) a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kaiapuni (41%), a ʻaʻole paha i manaʻoʻiʻo i ka maikaʻi o ka wai (37%).
pilikia olakino
ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻole ʻana i ka kānana wai e lawe mai i nā pilikia olakino hou aʻe ma mua o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana
Hiki mai kēia kūlana no ka mea inā ʻaʻole e hoʻololi pinepine ʻia ke kānana, e ulu a hoʻonui ʻia nā bacteria ʻino a me nā microorganism ʻē aʻe. Ke paʻa nā kānana, hiki ke hōʻino ʻia, e alakaʻi ana i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā bacteria a me nā kemika e komo ana i loko o kāu lako wai home. ʻO ka ulu nui ʻana o nā bacteria ʻino e hōʻino i kou olakino, e alakaʻi ana i nā pilikia gastrointestinal, me ka luaʻi a me ka maʻi pākī.
Hiki i nā kānana wai ke wehe i nā kemika maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole
ʻAʻole hiki i nā kānana wai ke hoʻokaʻawale ma waena o nā kemika koʻikoʻi no ke olakino (e like me ka calcium, magnesium, iodine, a me ka potassium) a me nā kemika ʻino (e like me ke kēpau a me ka cadmium).
ʻO kēia no ka mea ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi kānana wai e wehe i nā kemika e pili ana i ka nui o ka pore o ke kānana, ʻo ia ka nui o ka lua liʻiliʻi e hele ai ka wai. E noʻonoʻo i kahi kānana a i ʻole kahi puna e leaka ana. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi o nā pores, ʻo ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea haumia a lākou e ālai ai. No ka laʻana, ʻo kahi kānana kalapona i hoʻāla ʻia me kahi kānana microfiltration he nui ka pore ma kahi o 0.1 micrometers [2]; ʻO ka nui o ka pore o ke kānana osmosis hoʻohuli he 0.0001 micrometers, hiki ke ālai i nā kemika liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā kānana kalapona.
Hiki i nā kānana ke ālai i nā kemika āpau o ka nui like, inā he mea koʻikoʻi a i ʻole he mea ʻino i ke olakino. Ua lilo kēia i pilikia ma nā ʻāina e like me ʻIseraʻela, kahi i hoʻohana nui ʻia ai ka desalination wai kai ma ke ʻano he wai inu. Hoʻohana ka desalination wai kai i kahi ʻōnaehana osmosis hoʻohuli e wehe i ka paʻakai mai ka wai, akā ma waho aʻe o ka paʻakai, wehe pū ia i ʻehā mau mea nui: fluoride, calcium, iodine, a me magnesium. Ma muli o ka hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻana o ka desalination wai kai, hāʻawi ʻo ʻIseraʻela i ka nānā kūikawā i ka hemahema o ka iodine a me ka hemahema o ka magnesium i ka heluna kanaka. Hiki i ka hemahema o ka iodine ke alakaʻi i ka hana ʻino o ka thyroid, ʻoiai ʻo ka hemahema o ka magnesium e pili ana i ka maʻi puʻuwai a me ka maʻi diabetes type 2.
He aha nā mea a nā mea kūʻai e makemake ai e hana?
ʻAʻohe pane no ka pono e kūʻai ʻia kahi kānana wai. He koho pilikino kēia, ma muli o ke kūlana kikoʻī o kou ʻohana. ʻO nā mea nui loa i ka wā e aʻo ai i nā kānana wai o ka home, ʻo ia ke ʻano o ke kānana, ka nui o nā pore, a me nā mea haumia kikoʻī i wehe ʻia.
ʻO nā ʻano nui o nā kānana wai:
ʻO ke kalapona i hoʻāla ʻia - ʻo ia ke ʻano maʻamau ma muli o kona kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa a me ka wikiwiki adsorption kiʻekiʻe. Kūpono no ka wehe ʻana i ke kēpau, mercury, a me ka chlorine, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke wehe i ka nitrate, arsenic, nā metala kaumaha, a i ʻole nā bacteria he nui.
- ʻO ka osmosis hoʻohuli - me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaomi e wehe i nā haumia ma o kahi membrane semi permeable. Akamai i ka wehe ʻana i nā kemika a me nā bacteria he nui.
- Ultrafiltration - Ua like ia me ka osmosis hoʻohuli, akā ʻaʻole pono ka ikehu e hana. Hoʻopau ia i nā kemika he nui ma mua o ka osmosis hoʻohuli.
- Hoʻoheheʻe wai - hoʻomehana i ka wai a hiki i ka paila ʻana a laila hōʻiliʻili i ka mahu wai i ka wā o ka condensation. Kūpono no ka wehe ʻana i ka hapa nui o nā kemika a me nā bacteria.
- Nā kānana hoʻololi ion - hoʻohana i nā resins e loaʻa ana nā ion hydrogen i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia e huki i nā mea haumia - no ka palupalu ʻana o ka wai (wehe i ka calcium, magnesium, a me nā minelala ʻē aʻe mai ka wai a hoʻololi iā lākou me ka sodium).
- Kukui UV - Hiki i ke kukui ikaika ke hoʻopau i nā bacteria, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopau i nā kemika.
Inā ʻoe e noʻonoʻo ana e kūʻai i kahi kānana wai, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i kekahi mau kumuwaiwai maikaʻi loa:
- No ka ʻike maʻamau, e kipa i ka pūnaewele CDC
- ʻIke e pili ana i nā ʻano kānana wai like ʻole
- Ka helu huahana
- Ka palapala hōʻoia huahana e ka National Health Foundation (NSF), he hui kūʻokoʻa e hoʻonohonoho ana i nā kūlana olakino lehulehu no nā huahana
Inā ua kūʻai ʻoe i kahi kānana wai a i ʻole ua loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi, e ʻoluʻolu e hoʻomanaʻo e hoʻololi!
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻOkakopa-17-2023