Masana kimiyya sun sami shaidar jerin nau'ikan taksi 187 a cikin lita 20 na ruwa da aka tattara daga ɗaya daga cikin mafi tsananin yanayi a Duniya.
Wata ƙungiyar masana kimiyya ƙarƙashin jagorancin Ƙungiyar Kula da Namun Daji (WCS) da Jami'ar Jihar Appalachian sun yi amfani da DNA na muhalli (eDNA) don yin rikodin bambancin halittu na tsaunukan tsaunuka na mafi tsayi a duniya, Dutsen Everest mai faɗin ƙafa 29,032 (mita 8,849). Wannan muhimmin aikin wani ɓangare ne na babban balaguron National Geographic da Rolex Perpetual Planet Everest Expedition na 2019, wanda shine mafi girman balaguron kimiyya na Everest.
Da suke rubuta game da bincikensu a cikin mujallar iScience, ƙungiyar ta tattara eDNA daga samfuran ruwa daga tafkuna da rafuka guda goma a zurfin da ya kama daga ƙafa 14,763 (mita 4,500) zuwa ƙafa 18,044 (mita 5,500) tsawon makonni huɗu. Waɗannan wurare sun haɗa da yankunan bel ɗin tsayi waɗanda ke sama da layin bishiyoyi kuma suna ɗauke da nau'ikan tsire-tsire masu fure da nau'ikan bishiyoyi, da kuma bel ɗin aeolian waɗanda suka wuce tsire-tsire masu fure da bishiyoyi a sama da biosphere. Sun gano halittu waɗanda ke cikin jerin alkaluma 187 daga lita 20 kawai na ruwa, daidai da kashi 16.3%, ko kuma kashi ɗaya cikin shida, na jimillar adadin alkaluma da aka sani a cikin Bishiyar Rai, bishiyar dangin halittun Duniya.
eDNA tana neman tarin kayan kwayoyin halitta da halittu da namun daji suka bari kuma tana samar da hanya mafi araha, sauri da kuma cikakkiyar hanya don inganta ƙwarewar bincike don tantance bambancin halittu a cikin yanayin ruwa. Ana tattara samfurori ta amfani da akwati mai rufewa wanda ke ɗauke da matattara wanda ke kama kayan kwayoyin halitta, wanda daga nan ake nazarinsa a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje ta amfani da DNA metabarcoding da sauran dabarun tsara tsari. WCS tana amfani da eDNA don gano nau'ikan halittu masu wuya da ke fuskantar barazanar rayuwa daga kifin humpback zuwa kunkuru mai laushi na Swinhoe, ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan halittu mafi wuya a Duniya.
Taswirar zafi na karanta jerin ƙwayoyin cuta da aka gano kuma aka rarraba su cikin tsari na tsari ta amfani da SingleM da bayanan Greengenes daga kowane wuri.
Duk da cewa binciken Everest ya mayar da hankali kan gano matakin tsari, ƙungiyar ta sami damar gano ƙwayoyin halitta da yawa har zuwa matakin nau'in ko nau'in.
Misali, ƙungiyar ta gano rotifers da tardigrades, ƙananan dabbobi biyu da aka sani suna bunƙasa a wasu daga cikin mawuyacin yanayi kuma ana ɗaukar su a matsayin wasu daga cikin dabbobin da suka fi juriya da aka sani a Duniya. Bugu da ƙari, sun gano kazar dusar ƙanƙara ta Tibet da aka samu a Sagarmatha National Park kuma sun yi mamakin samun nau'ikan kamar karnukan gida da kaji waɗanda ke wakiltar tasirin ayyukan ɗan adam a kan yanayin ƙasa.
Sun kuma sami bishiyoyin pine waɗanda ake samu ne kawai a gefen tuddai da nisa daga inda aka yi amfani da samfurin, wanda ke nuna yadda pollen da iska ke hura ke tafiya zuwa cikin waɗannan magudanar ruwa. Wata halitta da suka samu a wurare da dama ita ce mayfly, wata alama ce da aka sani ta sauyin muhalli.
Kayayyakin eDNA za su taimaka wajen sa ido kan halittu na tsaunukan Himalayas masu tsayi nan gaba da kuma nazarin kwayoyin halitta na baya-bayan nan don tantance canje-canje a tsawon lokaci yayin da dumamar yanayi ke haifar da shi, narkewar ƙanƙara da tasirin ɗan adam ke canza wannan yanayin halittu mai saurin canzawa, sanannen duniya.
Dr. Tracey Seimon ta Shirin Lafiyar Dabbobi na WCS, wacce ita ce shugabar ƙungiyar Everest Biofield kuma babbar mai bincike, ta ce: "Akwai bambancin halittu da yawa. Ya kamata a yi la'akari da yanayin tsaunuka, gami da Dutsen Everest, a matsayin wanda ake ci gaba da sa ido kan bambancin halittu na tsaunuka na dogon lokaci, baya ga sa ido kan yanayin yanayi da kuma kimanta tasirin sauyin yanayi."
Dr Marisa Lim ta ƙungiyar kare namun daji ta ce: "Mun je saman duniya don neman rai. Ga abin da muka samu. Duk da haka, labarin bai ƙare a nan ba. yana taimakawa wajen sanar da masu leƙen asiri na gaba."
Daraktan bincike a fagen, mai bincike a National Geographic kuma Farfesa a Jami'ar Jihar Appalachian, Dr. Anton Simon, ya ce: "Shekaru da suka wuce, lokacin da aka tambaye shi, 'Me yasa za a je Everest?', ɗan wasan hawan dutse na Burtaniya George Mallory ya amsa, 'Domin yana nan. Ƙungiyarmu ta 2019 tana da ra'ayi daban: mun je Dutsen Everest saboda yana da ilimi kuma zai iya koya mana game da duniyar da muke rayuwa a ciki."
Ta hanyar samar da wannan bayanai na bude tushen bayanai ga al'ummar bincike, marubutan suna fatan bayar da gudummawa ga kokarin da ake yi na gina albarkatun kwayoyin halitta don nazari da bin diddigin canje-canje a cikin bambancin halittu a cikin tsaunuka mafi tsayi a Duniya.
Ambaton labarin: Lim da sauransu, Amfani da DNA na muhalli don tantance bambancin halittu na Bishiyar Rai a gefen kudu na Dutsen Everest, iScience (2022) Marisa KV Lim, 1Anton Seimon, 2Batya Nightingale, 1Charles SI Xu, 3Stefan RP Holloy, 4Adam J. Solon, 5Nicholas B. Dragon, 5Steven K. Schmidt, 5Alex Tate, 6Sandra Alvin, 6Aurora K. Elmore, 6,7 da Tracey A. Simon1,8,
1 Ƙungiyar Kare Namun Daji, Shirin Lafiyar Dabbobi, Bronx Zoo, Bronx, NY 10460, Amurka 2 Jami'ar Jihar Appalachian, Sashen Geography da Tsare-tsare, Boone, NC 28608, Amurka 3 Jami'ar McGill, Redpath Sashen Gidajen Tarihi da Halittu, Montreal, H3A 0G4, KanadaQ94 Sashen Masana'antu na Farko, Wellington 6011, New Zealand 5 Jami'ar Colorado, Sashen Ilimin Halittu da Halittu na Juyin Halitta, Boulder, CO 80309, Amurka 6 Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙasa, Washington, DC, 20036, USAQ107 Hukumar Kula da Teku da Yanayi ta Ƙasa, Silver-Spring, MD 20910, Amurka 8 Jagororin Hulɗa* Sadarwa
Manufa: WCS tana ceton namun daji da namun daji a duk faɗin duniya ta hanyar kimiyya, ƙoƙarin kiyayewa, ilimi da kuma zaburar da mutane su yaba wa yanayi. Domin cika manufarmu, WCS tana da hedikwata a Bronx Zoo, tana amfani da cikakken ƙarfin shirin kiyayewa na duniya, wanda mutane miliyan 4 ke ziyarta kowace shekara a kusan ƙasashe 60 da dukkan tekuna na duniya, da kuma wuraren shakatawa na namun daji guda biyar a New York. WCS ta haɗa ƙwarewarta a wuraren adana namun daji da wuraren adana namun daji don cimma burinta na kiyayewa. Ziyarci: newsroom.wcs.org Bi: @WCSNewsroom. Don ƙarin bayani: 347-840-1242. Saurari shirin WCS Wild Audio a nan.
A matsayinta na babbar cibiyar gwamnati a Kudu maso Gabas, Jami'ar Jihar Appalachian tana shirya ɗalibai don rayuwa mai gamsarwa a matsayin 'yan ƙasa na duniya waɗanda suka fahimta kuma suka ɗauki alhakin ƙirƙirar makoma mai ɗorewa ga kowa. Kwarewar Appalachian tana haɓaka ruhin haɗa kai ta hanyar haɗa mutane ta hanyoyi masu ban sha'awa don samun ilimi da ƙirƙirar ilimi, girma cikin haɗin kai, aiki da sha'awa da ƙuduri, da rungumar bambancin ra'ayi da bambanci. Appalachians, waɗanda ke cikin tsaunukan Blue Ridge, suna ɗaya daga cikin cibiyoyin karatu 17 a cikin tsarin Jami'ar North Carolina. Tare da kusan ɗalibai 21,000, Jami'ar Appalachian tana da ƙarancin rabon ɗalibai da malamai kuma tana ba da shirye-shiryen digiri na farko da na digiri sama da 150.
Haɗin gwiwar National Geographic da Rolex yana tallafawa balaguro don bincika wurare mafi mahimmanci a duniya. Ta amfani da ƙwarewar kimiyya da aka sani a duniya da fasahar zamani don gano sabbin fahimta game da tsarin da ke da mahimmanci ga rayuwa a Duniya, waɗannan balaguron suna taimaka wa masana kimiyya, masu tsara manufofi da al'ummomin gida su tsara da nemo mafita ga tasirin yanayi da yanayi. Muhalli yana canzawa, yana ba da labarin abubuwan al'ajabi na duniyarmu ta hanyar labarai masu ƙarfi.
Kusan ƙarni ɗaya kenan, Rolex ta tallafa wa masu bincike na farko waɗanda ke neman ci gaba da ƙoƙarin cimma burin ɗan adam. Kamfanin ya ƙaura daga fafutukar neman bincike don gano abubuwa zuwa kare duniya ta hanyar ɗaukar alƙawarin dogon lokaci na tallafawa mutane da ƙungiyoyi waɗanda ke amfani da kimiyya don fahimtar da kuma haɓaka hanyoyin magance matsalolin muhalli na yau.
An ƙarfafa wannan haɗin gwiwa ne bayan ƙaddamar da Forever Planet a shekarar 2019, wanda da farko ya mayar da hankali kan mutanen da ke ba da gudummawa ga ingantacciyar duniya ta hanyar Rolex Awards for Enterprise, kare tekuna ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa da Mission Blue, da kuma tabbatar da sauyin yanayi. An fahimci hakan a matsayin wani ɓangare na dangantakarta da National Geographic Society.
Fadada fayil ɗin sauran haɗin gwiwa da aka amince da su a ƙarƙashin shirin Perpetual Planet yanzu ya haɗa da: balaguron polar da ke tura iyakokin binciken ruwa; Gidauniyar One Ocean da Menkab da ke kare bambancin halittu na cetacean a cikin Bahar Rum; Hunan-Ha Expedition da ke bayyana ingancin ruwa a Yucatan, Mexico; Babban balaguron zuwa Arctic a 2023 don tattara bayanai kan barazanar Arctic; Hearts In The Ice, da kuma tattara bayanai kan sauyin yanayi a Arctic; da kuma Monaco Blue Initiative, wanda ya haɗu da ƙwararru kan hanyoyin magance matsalolin kiyaye ruwa.
Rolex kuma tana tallafawa ƙungiyoyi da shirye-shiryen da ke kula da tsararraki masu zuwa na masu bincike, masana kimiyya da masu kare muhalli ta hanyar tallafin karatu da tallafi kamar Ƙungiyar Tallafin Karatu ta Duniya da Tallafin Ƙungiyar Masu Bincike ta Rolex.
Ƙungiyar National Geographic ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta ta duniya wadda ke amfani da ƙarfin kimiyya, bincike, ilimi, da bayar da labarai don haskakawa da kare abubuwan al'ajabi na duniyarmu. Tun daga shekarar 1888, National Geographic ta ci gaba da tura iyakokin bincike, tana saka hannun jari a cikin ƙwararrun masu hazaka da ra'ayoyi masu kawo sauyi, tana ba da tallafin aiki sama da 15,000 a nahiyoyi bakwai, tana kaiwa ga ɗalibai miliyan 3 kowace shekara tare da bayar da ilimi, kuma tana jan hankalin duniya ta hanyar sa hannu. , labarai da abubuwan da ke ciki. Don ƙarin koyo, ziyarci www.nationalgeographic.org ko ku biyo mu a Instagram, Twitter da Facebook.
Manufa: WCS tana ceton namun daji da namun daji a duk faɗin duniya ta hanyar kimiyya, ƙoƙarin kiyayewa, ilimi da kuma zaburar da mutane su yaba wa yanayi. WCS, wacce take da hedikwata a Bronx Zoo, tana amfani da cikakken ƙarfin shirin kiyayewa na duniya don cika manufarta, tare da baƙi miliyan 4 kowace shekara a kusan ƙasashe 60 da duk tekuna na duniya, da kuma wuraren shakatawa na namun daji guda biyar a birnin New York. WCS tana haɗa ƙwarewarta a wuraren kiwon dabbobi da wuraren kiwo don cimma burinta na kiyayewa. Ziyarci newsroom.wcs.org. Yi rijista: @WCSNewsroom. Ƙarin bayani: +1 (347) 840-1242.
Wanda ya kafa SpaceRef, memba na ƙungiyar Explorers, tsohon NASA, ƙungiyar ziyara, ɗan jarida, masanin sararin samaniya da ilmin taurari, ya gaza hawa dutse.
Lokacin Saƙo: Satumba-10-2022